Active Tuberculosis in HIV-Exposed Tanzanian Children up to 2 years of Age: Early-Life Nutrition, Multivitamin Supplementation and Other Potential Risk Factors.
Ibironke Olofin,Enju Liu,Karim Manji,Goodarz Danaei,Christopher Duggan,Said Aboud,Donna Spiegelman,Wafaie W. Fawzi +7 more
TLDR
Knowing of nutrition-related risk and protective factors for TB in HIV-exposed children could enhance preventive and case-finding activities in this population, contributing to efforts to reduce the global TB burden.Abstract:
BACKGROUND Over half a million children worldwide develop active tuberculosis (TB) each year. Early-life nutritional exposures have rarely been examined in relation to pediatric TB among HIV-exposed children. We therefore investigated independent associations of early-life nutritional exposures with active TB among HIV-exposed children up to 2 years of age. METHODS Participants were children from a randomized controlled multivitamin supplementation trial conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, from August 2004 to May 2008, who received daily multivitamin supplements or placebo for 24 months. RESULTS Lower mean corpuscular volumes [relative risks (RR): 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27, 0.87] and higher birth weights (RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.99) were protective against active TB, whereas multivitamin supplementation was not associated with TB risk (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.16). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of nutrition-related risk and protective factors for TB in HIV-exposed children could enhance preventive and case-finding activities in this population, contributing to efforts to reduce the global TB burden.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Tuberculosis susceptibility and protection in children
Robindra Basu Roy,Robindra Basu Roy,Elizabeth Whittaker,James A Seddon,Beate Kampmann,Beate Kampmann +5 more
TL;DR: Case-control comparisons from key cohorts have identified that the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes, activated CD4 T cell count, and a blood RNA signature could be correlates of risk for developing tuberculosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vitamin A supplements for reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission
TL;DR: The trials show that giving vitamin A supplements to HIV‐positive women during pregnancy, the immediate postpartum period, or both, probably has little or no effect on mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV.
Journal ArticleDOI
Factors Influencing Growth of Children Aged 12-24 Months in the Tanga Region, Tanzania.
TL;DR: Children aged 12-24 months in this region of Tanzania had weight and height below the WHO standard, and higher educated mothers had children with better growth parameters.
Dissertation
Factores asociados a tuberculosis pulmonar pediátrica en el hospital nacional hipólito unanue en el periodo enero – diciembre del 2015
TL;DR: The variables that showed an OR> 1 and remained statistically significant were having a family member with TB, night fever and cough for more than two weeks, which means all pediatric patients with respiratory symptoms to present these variables are at high risk of tuberculosis.
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