Journal ArticleDOI
Adaptive training leads to sustained enhancement of poor working memory in children
TLDR
In this paper, the authors investigated whether these problems can be overcome by a training program designed to boost working memory, and found that common impairments in working memory and associated learning difficulties may be overcome with behavioral treatment.Abstract:
Working memory plays a crucial role in supporting learning, with poor progress in reading and mathematics characterizing children with low memory skills. This study investigated whether these problems can be overcome by a training program designed to boost working memory. Children with low working memory skills were assessed on measures of working memory, IQ and academic attainment before and after training on either adaptive or non-adaptive versions of the program. Adaptive training that taxed working memory to its limits was associated with substantial and sustained gains in working memory, with age-appropriate levels achieved by the majority of children. Mathematical ability also improved significantly 6 months following adaptive training. These findings indicate that common impairments in working memory and associated learning difficulties may be overcome with this behavioral treatment.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Interventions Shown to Aid Executive Function Development in Children 4 to 12 Years Old
Adele Diamond,Kathleen Lee +1 more
TL;DR: Diverse activities have been shown to improve children’s executive functions: computerized training, noncomputerized games, aerobics, martial arts, yoga, mindfulness, and school curricula, which involve repeated practice and progressively increase the challenge to executive functions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Is working memory training effective? A meta-analytic review
TL;DR: It is concluded that memory training programs appear to produce short-term, specific training effects that do not generalize, and cast doubt on both the clinical relevance of working memory training Programs and their utility as methods of enhancing cognitive functioning in typically developing children and healthy adults.
Journal ArticleDOI
Training and plasticity of working memory
TL;DR: The observed training effects suggest that WM training could be used as a remediating intervention for individuals for whom low WM capacity is a limiting factor for academic performance or in everyday life.
Journal ArticleDOI
Is working memory training effective
TL;DR: There is a need to directly demonstrate that WM capacity increases in response to training, and it is argued that transfer of training to WM must be demonstrated using a wider variety of tasks, thus eliminating the possibility that results can be explained by task specific learning.
Journal ArticleDOI
Do “Brain-Training” Programs Work?:
Daniel J. Simons,Walter R. Boot,Neil Charness,Susan E. Gathercole,Christopher F. Chabris,David Z. Hambrick,Elizabeth A. L. Stine-Morrow +6 more
TL;DR: Extensive evidence that brain-training interventions improve performance on the trained tasks, less evidence that such interventions improved performance on closely related tasks, and little evidence that training enhances performance on distantly related tasks or that training improves everyday cognitive performance are found.
References
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Book ChapterDOI
Chapter 11 Working memory
TL;DR: This chapter demonstrates the functional importance of dopamine to working memory function in several ways and demonstrates that a network of brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, is critical for the active maintenance of internal representations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory?
TL;DR: The revised model differs from the old principally in focussing attention on the processes of integrating information, rather than on the isolation of the subsystems, which provides a better basis for tackling the more complex aspects of executive control in working memory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Executive Functions and Developmental Psychopathology
TL;DR: It is revealed that EF deficits are consistently found in both ADHD and autism but not in CD (without ADHD) or in TS, and both the severity and profile of EF deficits appears to differ across ADHD and Autism.
Journal ArticleDOI
The phonological loop as a language learning device.
TL;DR: It is proposed that the primary purpose for which the phonological loop evolved is to store unfamiliar sound patterns while more permanent memory records are being constructed, and its use in retaining sequences of familiar words is, it is argued, secondary.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: An individual-differences perspective
Michael J. Kane,Randall W. Engle +1 more
TL;DR: Although the dorsolateral PFC is but one critical structure in a network of anterior and posterior “attention control” areas, it does have a unique executiveattention role in actively maintaining access to stimulus representations and goals in interference-rich contexts.