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Adolescent girls' interpersonal vulnerability to depressive symptoms : A longitudinal examination of reassurance-seeking and peer relationships

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TLDR
A transactional, interpersonal framework involving adolescents' reassurance-seeking and peer experiences may be useful for understanding the emergence of gender differences in depression prevalence during the adolescent transition.
Abstract
A transactional, interpersonal framework involving adolescents' reassurance-seeking and peer experiences may be useful for understanding the emergence of gender differences in depression prevalence during the adolescent transition. Sociometric nominations of peer acceptance/rejection and ratings of friendship quality provided by adolescents and their friends were used to measure peer experiences among 6th-8th-grade adolescents (N = 520) over 3 annual time points. After controlling for age and pubertal development, significant but small prospective effects offered mixed support for hypotheses: (a) depressive symptoms and negative peer relations predicted increasing levels of girls' reassurance-seeking; (b) initial levels of reassurance-seeking and depressive symptoms predicted deteriorating friendship quality among girls and low friendship stability, respectively; and (c) reassurance-seeking combined with poor peer experiences predicted increases in girls' depressive symptoms.

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Stress response and the adolescent transition: Performance versus peer rejection stressors

TL;DR: Heightened physiological stress responses in typical adolescents may facilitate adaptation to new challenges of adolescence and adulthood and in high-risk adolescents, this normative shift may tip the balance toward stress response dysregulation associated with depression and other psychopathology.
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Prospective Associations of Co-Rumination with Friendship and Emotional Adjustment: Considering the Socioemotional Trade-Offs of Co-Rumination

TL;DR: A 6-month longitudinal study with middle childhood to midadolescent youths examined whether co-rumination is simultaneously a risk factor for depression and anxiety and a protective factor (for friendship problems) and found a reciprocal relationship was found.
Journal ArticleDOI

A meta-analytic review of the association between perceived social support and depression in childhood and adolescence.

TL;DR: This meta-analysis evaluated the relation between social support and depression in youth and compared the cumulative evidence for 2 theories that have been proposed to explain this association: the general benefits (GB) and stress-buffering (SB) models.
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Using social media for social comparison and feedback-seeking: gender and popularity moderate associations with depressive symptoms

TL;DR: Technology-based social comparison and feedback-seeking were associated with depressive symptoms among adolescents, and popularity and gender served as moderators of this effect, such that the association was particularly strong among females and adolescents low in popularity.
Journal ArticleDOI

Interpersonal Processes in Depression

TL;DR: The interpersonal characteristics, risk factors, and consequences of depression in the context of the relevant theories that address the role of interpersonal processes in the onset, maintenance, and chronicity of depression are summarized.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A self-report measure of pubertal status: Reliability, validity, and initial norms.

TL;DR: In this paper, a self-reported measure of pubertal status was used to assess the transition from childhood to adolescence in a longitudinal study of 335 young adolescent boys and girls.
Journal ArticleDOI

Development of Depression From Preadolescence to Young Adulthood: Emerging Gender Differences in a 10-Year Longitudinal Study

TL;DR: Results suggest that middle-to-late adolescence (ages 15-18) may be a critical time for studying vulnerability to depression because of the higher depression rates and the greater risk for depression onset and dramatic increase in gender differences in depression during this period.
Journal ArticleDOI

The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence.

TL;DR: Three models for how gender differences in depression might develop in early adolescence are described and evaluated and it is concluded that Model 3 is best supported by the available data, although much more research is needed.
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