Journal ArticleDOI
Alcohol and Central Serotonin Metabolism in Man
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TLDR
The CSF metabolites of serotonin and dopamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and homovanillic acid were studied in hospitalized alcoholics, and there were no significant differences in HVA levels between groups.Abstract:
• Animal studies and some of the phenomena associated with alcoholism in humans suggest that some central effects of alcohol may involve serotonergic systems. The CSF metabolites of serotonin and dopamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), and homovanillic acid (HVA) were studied in hospitalized alcoholics. There were no significant differences in HVA levels between groups. The level of 5HIAA of alcoholics in the abstinence phase, 28 to 63 days after their last drink, was significantly lower (21.8 ± 1.9 ng/ml) than both a nonalcoholic comparison group (31.7 ± 2.0 ng/ml) and alcoholics in the immediate postintoxication phase, within one to two days after their last drink (32.3 ± 2.9 ng/mL).read more
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Comorbidity of Mental Disorders With Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse. Results From the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study
Darrel A. Regier,Mary E. Farmer,Donald S. Rae,Ben Z. Locke,Samuel J. Keith,Lewis L. Judd,Frederick K. Goodwin +6 more
TL;DR: Comorbidity of addictive and severe mental disorders was highest in the prison population, most notably with antisocial personality, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stress and the Individual: Mechanisms Leading to Disease
Bruce S. McEwen,Eliot Stellar +1 more
TL;DR: A new formulation of the relationship between stress and the processes leading to disease is presented, emphasizing the cascading relationships between environmental factors and genetic predispositions that lead to large individual differences in susceptibility to stress and, in some cases, to disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurogenetic adaptive mechanisms in alcoholism
TL;DR: In this paper, three dimensions of personality have been described that may reflect individual differences in brain systems modulating the activation, maintenance, and inhibition of behavioral responses to the effects of alcohol and other environmental stimuli.
Journal ArticleDOI
Low cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration differentiates impulsive from nonimpulsive violent behavior
TL;DR: Of the groups studied, impulsive violent offenders who had attempted suicide had the lowest 5HIAA levels, which may be a marker of impulsivity rather than violence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Serotonergic Studies in Patients with Affective and Personality Disorders: Correlates with Suicidal and Impulsive Aggressive Behavior
Coccaro Ef,Larry J. Siever,Howard Klar,Gail Maurer,Karen Cochrane,Thomas B. Cooper,Richard C. Mohs,Kenneth L. Davis +7 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that reduced central serotonergic function is present in a subgroup of patients with major affective and/or personality disorder and is associated with history of suicide attempt in patients with either disorder, but with impulsive aggression in Patients with personality disorder only.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Research diagnostic criteria.
TL;DR: The article by Overall and Hollister in this paper "Comparative Evaluation of Research Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenia" troubles us for several reasons, such as the authors do not address the issue of the different purposes of various sets of research diagnostic criteria.
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Brain Serotonin Content: Physiological Regulation by Plasma Neutral Amino Acids
TL;DR: The main determinant of brain tryPTophan and serotonin concentrations does not appear to be plasma tryptophan alone, but the ratio of this amino acid to other plasma neutral amino acids that compete with it for uptake into the brain.
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Brain serotonin content - Increase following ingestion of carbohydrate diet.
TL;DR: In the rat, the injection of insulin or the consumption of carbohydrate causes sequential increases in the concentrations of tryptophan in the plasma and the brain and of serotonin in the brain, and serotonin-containing neurons may participate in systems whereby the rat brain integrates information about the metabolic state in its relation to control of homeostatis and behavior.
Journal Article
Research diagnostic criteria.
TL;DR: The purpose of the Washington University criteria, research diagnostic criteria (RDC), and DSMIII criteria is to improve usual clinical practice by incorporating into the criteria distinctions that have been shown by research study to have some validity in terms of such variables as course.