Alterations in Retinal Microvascular Geometry in Young Type 1 Diabetes
Muhammad Bayu Sasongko,Muhammad Bayu Sasongko,Jie Jin Wang,Jie Jin Wang,Kim C. Donaghue,Ning Cheung,Paul Z. Benitez-Aguirre,Alicia J. Jenkins,Wynne Hsu,Mong Li Lee,Tien Yin Wong,Tien Yin Wong +11 more
TLDR
Key diabetes-related factors affect retinal microvascular geometry in young type 1 diabetes, even in those without evidence of retinopathy, and these early retinal alterations may be markers of diabetes microv vascular complications.Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To describe retinal microvascular geometric parameters in young patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with type 1 diabetes (aged 12–20 years) had clinical assessments and retinal photography following standardized protocol at a tertiary-care hospital in Sydney. Retinal microvascular geometry, including arteriolar and venular tortuosity, branching angles, optimality deviation, and length-to-diameter ratio (LDR), were measured from digitized photographs. Associations of these geometric characteristics with diabetes duration, A1C level, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and other risk factors were assessed. RESULTS Of 1,159 patients enrolled, 944 (81.4%) had gradable photographs and 170 (14.7%) had retinopathy. Older age was associated with decreased arteriolar ( P = 0.024) and venular ( P = 0.002) tortuosity, and female subjects had larger arteriolar branching angle than male subjects ( P = 0.03). After adjusting for age and sex, longer diabetes duration was associated with larger arteriolar branching angle ( P ≤ 0.001) and increased arteriolar optimality deviation ( P = 0.018), higher A1C was associated with increased arteriolar tortuosity (>8.5 vs. ≤8.5%, P = 0.008), higher SBP was associated with decreased arteriolar LDR ( P = 0.002), and higher total cholesterol levels were associated with increased arteriolar LDR ( P = 0.044) and decreased venular optimality deviation ( P = 0.044). These associations remained after controlling for A1C, retinal vessel caliber, and retinopathy status and were seen in subjects without retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS Key diabetes-related factors affect retinal microvascular geometry in young type 1 diabetes, even in those without evidence of retinopathy. These early retinal alterations may be markers of diabetes microvascular complications.read more
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Cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying blood flow regulation in the retina and choroid in health and disease.
TL;DR: The cellular and physiological mechanisms responsible for the regulation of blood flow in the retina and choroid in health and disease are reviewed and the role of capillaries, astrocytes and pericytes in regulating blood flow is discussed.
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Retinal Vascular Tortuosity, Blood Pressure, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Carol Y. Cheung,Yingfeng Zheng,Wynne Hsu,Mong Li Lee,Qiangfeng Peter Lau,Paul Mitchell,Jie Jin Wang,Jie Jin Wang,Ronald Klein,Tien Yin Wong,Tien Yin Wong +10 more
TL;DR: Retinal arteriolar tortuosity was associated with older age and higher levels of blood pressure and BMI, whereas venular tortuose was also associated with lower HDL level, and the quantitative assessment of retinal vascular tortUosity from retinal images may provide further information regarding effects of cardiovascular risk factors on the retinal vasculature.
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Retinal Microvasculature as a Model to Study the Manifestations of Hypertension
TL;DR: The current understanding of the relationship between retinal vascular changes and blood pressure, the evidence for the retinal vasculature as a biological model to study the manifestation and early pathogenic correlates of hypertension, the latest advances inretinal vascular imaging technologies, and the future opportunities and challenges of retinalascular imaging are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantitative and qualitative retinal microvascular characteristics and blood pressure
Carol Y. Cheung,Wan T. Tay,Paul Mitchell,Jie Jin Wang,Wynne Hsu,Mong Li Lee,Qiangfeng P. Lau,Ai L Zhu,Ronald Klein,Seang M. Saw,Tien Yin Wong +10 more
TL;DR: Elevated blood pressure is associated with a spectrum of quantitative and qualitative retinal vascular signs, with the number of signs increasing with higher blood pressure levels.
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Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy.
Alicia J. Jenkins,Mugdha V. Joglekar,Anandwardhan A. Hardikar,Anthony C Keech,David N O'Neal,Andrzej S. Januszewski +5 more
TL;DR: Biomarkers may facilitate a better understanding of diabetic retinopathy, and contribute to the development of novel treatments and new clinical strategies to prevent vision loss in people with diabetes.
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