Book ChapterDOI
Amino Acid Nutrition for Optimum Growth, Development, Reproduction, and Health of Zoo Animals
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TLDR
The proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arginine, aspartate, asparagine, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline and tryptophan, tyrosine as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
Proteins are large polymers of amino acids (AAs) linked via peptide bonds, and major components for the growth and development of tissues in zoo animals (including mammals, birds, and fish). The proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arginine, aspartate, asparagine, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine. Except for glycine, they are all present in the L-isoform. Some carnivores may also need taurine (a nonproteinogenic AA) in their diet. Adequate dietary intakes of AAs are necessary for the growth, development, reproduction, health and longevity of zoo animals. Extensive research has established dietary nutrient requirements for humans, domestic livestock and companion animals. However, this is not true for many exotic or endangered species found in zoos due to the obstacles that accompany working with these species. Information on diets and nutrient profiles of free-ranging animals is needed. Even with adequate dietary intake of crude protein, dietary AAs may still be unbalanced, which can lead to nutrition-related diseases and disorders commonly observed in captive zoo species, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, urolithiasis, gut dysbiosis, and hormonal imbalances. There are differences in AA metabolism among carnivores, herbivores and omnivores. It is imperative to consider these idiosyncrasies when formulating diets based on established nutritional requirements of domestic species. With optimal health, populations of zoo animals will have a vastly greater chance of thriving in captivity. For endangered species especially, maintaining stable captive populations is crucial for conservation. Thus, adequate provision of AAs in diets plays a crucial role in the management, sustainability and expansion of healthy zoo animals.read more
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
Amino Acid Nutrition and Metabolism in Chickens.
Wenliang He,Peng Li,Guoyao Wu +2 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the role of nutritionally nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), such as glutamine and glutamate, in chicken growth and egg production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nutrition and Metabolism: Foundations for Animal Growth, Development, Reproduction, and Health.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how to mitigate antimicrobial resistance and develop prebiotic and probiotic alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in animal production, while helping reduce greenhouse gas emissions, minimize the urinary and fecal excretion of nitrogenous and other wastes to the environment, and sustain animal agriculture (including aquaculture).
Book ChapterDOI
Composition of Amino Acids in Foodstuffs for Humans and Animals.
Peng Li,Wenliang He,Guoyao Wu +2 more
TL;DR: Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of proteins that have both structural and metabolic functions in humans and other animals as mentioned in this paper, and proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine, methionine, phenylalanine.
Book ChapterDOI
Amino Acids in the Nutrition, Metabolism, and Health of Domestic Cats.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on AA nutrition and metabolism in cats and present a review of the requirements of cats for proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic Amino Acids (EAAs).
Journal ArticleDOI
The “ideal protein” concept is not ideal in animal nutrition
Guoyao Wu,Peng Li +1 more
TL;DR: Nutritionalists should move beyond the “ideal protein” concept to consider optimum ratios and amounts of all proteinogenic AAs in diets for mammals, birds, and aquatic animals, and, in the case of carnivores, also taurine.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Amino acids: metabolism, functions, and nutrition
TL;DR: Dietary supplementation with one or a mixture of these functional AA, which include arginine, cysteine, glutamine, leucine, proline, and tryptophan, may be beneficial for ameliorating health problems at various stages of the life cycle and optimizing efficiency of metabolic transformations to enhance muscle growth, milk production, egg and meat quality and athletic performance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biochemistry and physiology of taurine and taurine derivatives.
J G Jacobsen,L H Smith +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Taurine: Biological Update
TL;DR: Role biologique antioxydant, detoxifiant, protection des membranes, role en nutrition et dans the retinite pigmentaire.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional Amino Acids in Growth, Reproduction, and Health
TL;DR: Both NEAA and EAA should be considered in the classic "ideal protein" concept or formulation of balanced diets to maximize protein accretion and optimize health in animals and humans.