Book ChapterDOI
Composition of Amino Acids in Foodstuffs for Humans and Animals.
Peng Li,Wenliang He,Guoyao Wu +2 more
TLDR
Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of proteins that have both structural and metabolic functions in humans and other animals as mentioned in this paper, and proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine, methionine, phenylalanine.Abstract:
Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of proteins that have both structural and metabolic functions in humans and other animals. In mammals, birds, fish, and crustaceans, proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine. All animals can synthesize de novo alanine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, and serine, whereas most mammals (including humans and pigs) can synthesize de novo arginine. Results of extensive research over the past three decades have shown that humans and other animals have dietary requirements for AAs that are synthesizable de novo in animal cells. Recent advances in analytical methods have allowed us to determine all proteinogenic AAs in foods consumed by humans, livestock, poultry, fish, and crustaceans. Both plant- and animal-sourced foods contain high amounts of glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, asparagine, and branched-chain AAs. Cysteine, glycine, lysine, methionine, proline, threonine, and tryptophan generally occur in low amounts in plant products but are enriched in animal products. In addition, taurine and creatine (essential for the integrity and function of tissues) are absent from plants but are abundant in meat and present in all animal-sourced foods. A combination of plant- and animal products is desirable for the healthy diets of humans and omnivorous animals. Furthermore, animal-sourced feedstuffs can be included in the diets of farm and companion animals to cost-effectively improve their growth performance, feed efficiency, and productivity, while helping to sustain the global animal agriculture (including aquaculture).read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Nutrition and Metabolism: Foundations for Animal Growth, Development, Reproduction, and Health.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how to mitigate antimicrobial resistance and develop prebiotic and probiotic alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in animal production, while helping reduce greenhouse gas emissions, minimize the urinary and fecal excretion of nitrogenous and other wastes to the environment, and sustain animal agriculture (including aquaculture).
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydroxyproline in animal metabolism, nutrition, and cell signaling
Shengdi Hu,Wenliang He,Guoyao Wu +2 more
TL;DR: Trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline is highly abundant in collagen (accounting for about one-third of body proteins in humans and other animals) and has both structural and physiological significance in animals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protein-Sourced Feedstuffs for Aquatic Animals in Nutrition Research and Aquaculture.
TL;DR: Aquatic animals have particularly high requirements for dietary amino acids (AAs) for health, survival, growth, development, and reproduction, and therefore are the determinants of the growth performance and feed efficiency of farmed fish as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
L-Arginine Nutrition and Metabolism in Ruminants.
TL;DR: In this paper, it has been shown that an adequate amount of supplemental rumen-protected Arg or unencapsulated Cit is necessary to support maximum survival, growth, lactation, reproductive performance, and feed efficiency in all ruminants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pigs (Sus Scrofa) in Biomedical Research
TL;DR: In this article, a review focusing on characteristics that make pigs an excellent biomedical animal model in particular in obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular research is presented, focusing on a putative role of gastrointestinal microbiota in obesity as obese animals exhibit a shift in the distribution of gastrointestinal microbial phyla from lean animals.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Amino acids: metabolism, functions, and nutrition
TL;DR: Dietary supplementation with one or a mixture of these functional AA, which include arginine, cysteine, glutamine, leucine, proline, and tryptophan, may be beneficial for ameliorating health problems at various stages of the life cycle and optimizing efficiency of metabolic transformations to enhance muscle growth, milk production, egg and meat quality and athletic performance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds: a review
Delbert M. Gatlin,Frederic T. Barrows,Paul B. Brown,Konrad Dabrowski,T. Gibson Gaylord,Ronald W. Hardy,Eliot M. Herman,Gongshe Hu,Åshild Krogdahl,Richard Nelson,Kenneth E. Overturf,Michael B. Rust,Wendy M. Sealey,Denise I. Skonberg,Edward Souza,David A.J. Stone,Rich Wilson,Eve Syrkin Wurtele +17 more
TL;DR: This document reviews various plant feedstuis, which currently are or potentially may be incorporated into aquafeeds to support the sustainable production of various ¢sh species in aquaculture and strategies and techniques to optimize the nutritional composition and limit potentially adverse eiects of bioactive compounds are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global overview on the use of fish meal and fish oil in industrially compounded aquafeeds: Trends and future prospects
Albert G. J. Tacon,Marc Metian +1 more
TL;DR: The finfish and crustacean aquaculture sector is still highly dependent upon marine capture fisheries for sourcing key dietary nutrient inputs, including fish meal and fish oil, which is particularly strong within compound aquafeeds for farmed carnivorous finfish species and marine shrimp.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physiology and Pathophysiology of Carnosine
TL;DR: This paper summarizes a century of scientific exploration on the (patho)physiological role of carnosine and related compounds, and concludes that far more experiments are required to gain a full understanding of the function and applications of this intriguing molecule.