An adaptive PMU based fault detection/location technique for transmission lines. II. PMU implementation and performance evaluation

TLDR: In this article, a new timing device named "Global Synchronism Clock Generator, GSCG" including its hardware and software design is described in this paper, Experimental results show that the synchronized error of rising edge between the two GSCGs clock is well within 1 ps when the clock frequency is below 2.499 MHz.

Abstract: Part I of this paper set sets forth theory and algorithms for adaptive fault detection/location technique, which is based on phasor measurement unit (PMU). This paper is Part II of this paper set, A new timing device named "Global Synchronism Clock Generator, GSCG" including its hardware and software design is described in this paper, Experimental results show that the synchronized error of rising edge between the two GSCGs clock is well within 1 ps when the clock frequency is below 2.499 MHz. The measurement results between Chung-Jeng and Chang-Te 161 kV substations of Taiwan Power company by PMU equipped with GSCG is presented and the accuracy for estimating parameters of line is verified. The new developed DFT based method (termed as smart discrete Fourier transform, SDFT) and line parameter estimation algorithm are combined with PMU configuration to form the adaptive fault detector/locator system. Simulation results have shown that SDFT method can extract exact phasors in the presence of frequency deviation and harmonics, The parameter estimation algorithm can also trace exact parameters very well, The SDFT method and parameter estimation algorithm can achieve accuracies of up to 99.999% and 99.99%, respectively. The EMTP is used to simulate a 345 kV transmission line of Taipower System. Results have shown that the proposed technique yields correct results independent of fault types and is insensitive to the variation of source impedance, fault impedance and line loading. The accuracy of fault location estimation achieved can be up to 99.9% for many simulated cases, The proposed technique will be very suitable for implementation in an integrated digital protection and control system for transmission substations.