An Integration of Leader-Behavior Typologies

TLDR: In this article, a logical synthesis of leader-behavior typologies is proposed to make it easier to teach and demonstrate the benefits of different types of leader behavior in four typologies and ten ideal-type leadership typologies.

Abstract: There are now so many leader-behavior typologies that appear to conflict with each other that a logical synthesis seems useful. Such a synthesis can be accomplished only by using a dimension of effectiveness that in fact makes leadership easier to teach. The dimension chosen for this study can be defended by reference to its empirically demonstrated independence, its suggested presence in four typologies, and its explicit support in ten ideal-type leadership typologies, including those that use single types and those that use multiple types. The resulting classification can be shown to include eight widely known typologies. These eight include a wide variety of leadership behaviors, relate directly to all well-known models, are logically related, and are linked to more and less effective behavior.