Journal ArticleDOI
Anthrax vaccines: present status and future prospects.
TLDR
This work presents an overview of the current understanding of anthrax pathogenesis and recent advances made, particularly after 2001, for the successful management of Anthrax and outlines future perspectives.Abstract:
The management of anthrax remains a top priority among the biowarfare/bioterror agents. It was the Bacillus anthracis spore attack through the US mail system after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the USA that highlighted the potential of B. anthracis as a bioterrorism agent and the threat posed by its deliberate dissemination. These attacks invigorated the efforts toward understanding the anthrax pathogenesis and development of more comprehensive medical intervention strategies for its containment in case of both natural disease and manmade, accidental or deliberate infection of a non-suspecting population. Currently, efforts are directed toward the development of safe and efficacious vaccines as well as intervention tools for controlling the disease in the advanced fulminant stage when toxemia has already developed. This work presents an overview of the current understanding of anthrax pathogenesis and recent advances made, particularly after 2001, for the successful management of anthrax and outlines future perspectives.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Anthrax lethal and edema toxins in anthrax pathogenesis
TL;DR: This review focuses on the activities of anthracis toxins and their roles in initial and late stages of anthrax infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bacterial Toxins as Pathogen Weapons Against Phagocytes
Ana do Vale,Ana do Vale,Didier Cabanes,Didier Cabanes,Sandra Maria Zákia Lian Sousa,Sandra Maria Zákia Lian Sousa +5 more
TL;DR: This review will concentrate on toxins from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that manipulate cell signaling or induce cell death by either imposing direct damage to the host cells cytoplasmic membrane or enzymatically modifying key eukaryotic targets.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Bacteriophage T4 Nanoparticle-Based Dual Vaccine against Anthrax and Plague
Pan Tao,Marthandan Mahalingam,Jingen Zhu,Mahtab Moayeri,Jian Sha,William S Lawrence,Stephen H. Leppla,Ashok K. Chopra,Venigalla B. Rao +8 more
TL;DR: The development of a dual anthrax-plague nanoparticle vaccine employing bacteriophage (phage) T4 as a platform is reported, establishing the T4 nanoparticle as a novel platform to develop multivalent vaccines against pathogens of high public health significance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Particulate delivery systems for vaccination against bioterrorism agents and emerging infectious pathogens
Yuchen Fan,James J. Moon +1 more
TL;DR: Vaccine nanoparticles and microparticles are promising platforms for clinical development of biodefense vaccines because of their efficient and stable delivery of subunit antigens, co-delivery of adjuvant molecules to bolster immune responses, low reactogenicity due to the use of biocompatible biomaterials, and robust efficiency to elicit humoral and cellular immunity.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: The cloning of the human PA receptor is described using a genetic complementation approach and a soluble version of this domain can protect cells from the action of the toxin.
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