Journal ArticleDOI
Axonal-ependymal associations during early regeneration of the transected spinal cord in Xenopus laevis tadpoles.
Mary Ellen Michel,Paul J. Reier +1 more
TLDR
Observations provide additional evidence emphasizing the importance of the ependymal cell surface during axonal outgrowth in the regenerating spinal cord, as opposed to previous reports, which focused on the formation of pre-existing ependyma channels.Abstract:
The nature and organization of the cellular substrate supporting axonal outgrowth during early regeneration of the spinal cord following transection and/or segment removal were examined inXenopus tadpoles. Longitudinal axonal compartments, formed by radial ependymal processes in unoperated spinal cords, were maintained within the rostral and caudal stumps throughout the early post-operative period. The first neuritic sprouts to appear near the cut ends of the cord were frequently associated with these processes. Between 5 and 7 days after transection either single or multiple cellular aggregates, which consisted primarily of ependyma, began occupying the lesion zone and were encompassed by numerous small fibres. Ependymal processes subsequently extended among the neuntes within the lesion gap and re-established longitudinal axonal channels and a surrounding glia limitans. A concurrent outgrowth of fibres and ependyma from the rostral and caudal stumps was also initiated by 5–7 days following resection of the cord. Axons were seen further within the ablation gap at 10 and 12 days either coursing along the surfaces of the emerging ependyma or organized into small fascicles by the radial processes of these cells. Intermediate stages of axonal fasciculation by the underlying ependyma were also seen. In contrast with previous reports, axonal elongation beyond the cut ends of the cord did not consistently entail the formation of pre-existing ependymal channels. These observations provide additional evidence emphasizing the importance of the ependymal cell surface during axonal outgrowth in the regenerating spinal cord. Guided neuritic elongation, however, does not appear to be dependent upon the prior establishment of a specific type of cytoarchitecture.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Degeneration and regeneration of the nervous system
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunoperoxidase localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein in radial glial cells and astrocytes of the developing rhesus monkey brain
Pat Levitt,Pasko Rakic +1 more
TL;DR: PAP immunohistochemical staining, utilizing a specific antibody to the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA), was employed to analyze gliogenesis in the central nervous system of rhesus monkeys ranging in age from embryonic day 38 to birth and through the second postnatal month.
Journal ArticleDOI
A whole-mount immunocytochemical analysis of the expression of the intermediate filament protein vimentin in Xenopus
TL;DR: Vimentin expression appears to be a marker for the differentiation of a subset of central nervous system cells and of head and body mesenchyme in the early Xenopus embryo.
Journal ArticleDOI
Endogenous repair after spinal cord contusion injuries in the rat.
Michael S. Beattie,Jacqueline C. Bresnahan,J. Komon,C. A. Tovar,M. Van Meter,D. K. Anderson,Alan I. Faden,Chung Y. Hsu,Linda Noble,S. Salzman,Wise Young +10 more
TL;DR: Observations suggest that the endogenous reparative response to spinal contusion injury is substantial, and the regulation and restrictions on the repair processes might lead to better ways in which to encourage spontaneous recovery after CNS injury.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influences of the glial environment on the elongation of axons after injury: transplantation studies in adult rodents
TL;DR: In this paper, the growth of axons from injured peripheral nerve of spinal and medullary neurones was studied using a new experimental model which employed PNS grafts as "bridges" to connect the spinal cord and the brain stem.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Degeneration and regeneration of the nervous system
Reference BookDOI
Normal table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin). A systematical and chronological survey of the development from the fertilized egg till the end of metamorphosis.
Pieter D. Nieuwkoop,Jacob Faber +1 more
TL;DR: A Systematical and Chronological Survey of the Development from the Fertilized Egg till the End of Metomorphosis is published.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trophic mechanisms in the peripheral nervous system.
Silvio S. Varon,Richard P. Bunge +1 more
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