Journal ArticleDOI
Behavior in the open field, Lashley III maze, shuttle-box, and Sidman avoidance as a function of strain, sex, and age.
Robert J. Barrett,Oakley S. Ray +1 more
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This article is published in Developmental Psychology.The article was published on 1970-07-01. It has received 111 citations till now.read more
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The Open-Field Test: a critical review.
Roger Walsh,Robert A. Cummins +1 more
TL;DR: Over the w t 4 0 years Lhc open field bar ~ o l v e d a a commonly used tool for the rnmumcnt of animal behavior ~ a dtical look at the the authors of instrument, with regard to the development of a standard form for iu w.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human spatial abilities: psychometric studies and environmental, genetic, hormonal, and neurological influences.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gonadal hormones and sex differences in nonreproductive behaviors in rodents: Organizational and activational influences
TL;DR: Sexual dimorphic responses in the rat are often not similarly differentiated in the hamster, the gerbil, or the mouse; and major differences exist among rodent species in hormonal effects on such responses, suggesting whether sex differences in certain laboratory learning tasks have any adaptive significance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Organizational effects of early gonadal secretions on sexual differentiation in spatial memory.
TL;DR: The data suggest that early exposure to gonadal steroids (probably estradiol) improves acquisition of spatial tasks by reorganizing and simplifying associational-perceptual processes that guide spatial ability.
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The organizational effects of gonadal steroids on sexually dimorphic spatial ability
TL;DR: The studies described in this review suggest that gonadal steroids, probably the testosterone metabolite estradiol, cause organizational effects during perinatal development which have multiple effects on the associational-perceptual-motor biases that guide visuospatial navigation.
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Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the principles of estimation and inference: means and variance, means and variations, and means and variance of estimators and inferors, and the analysis of factorial experiments having repeated measures on the same element.
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Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
TL;DR: This chapter discusses design and analysis of single-Factor Experiments: Completely Randomized Design and Factorial Experiments in which Some of the Interactions are Confounded.