Journal ArticleDOI
Bioaccumulation of Chromium from Tannery Wastewater: An Approach for Chrome Recovery and Reuse
Rathinam Aravindhan,Balaraman Madhan,Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao,Balachandran Unni Nair,Thirumalachari Ramasami +4 more
TLDR
The potential reuse of chromium-containing seaweed for the preparation of basic chromium sulfate (tanning agent) has been demonstrated and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and flame photometry studies have been carried out to understand the mechanistic pathway for the removal of Chromium.Abstract:
The presence of chromium in the effluent is a major concern for the tanning industry. Currently, chemical precipitation methods are practiced for the removal of chromium from the effluent, but that leads to the formation of chrome-bearing solid wastes. The other membrane separation and ion exchange methods available are unfeasible due to their cost. In this study, the removal of chromium from tannery effluent has been carried out using abundantly available brown seaweed Sargassum wightii. Simulated chrome tanning solution was used for the standardization of experimental trials. Various factors influencing the uptake of chromium, viz., quantity of seaweed, concentrations of chromium, pH of the chrome-bearing wastewater, and duration of treatment, have been studied. Chemical modification of the seaweed through pretreatment with sulfuric acid, magnesium chloride, and calcium chloride showed improved uptake of chromium. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms have been fitted for various quantities of seaweed. The dynamic method of treatment of protonated seaweed with simulated chrome tanning solution at a pH of 3.5-3.8 for a duration of 6 h gave the maximum uptake of about 83%. A similar uptake has been established for commercial chrome tanning wastewater containing the same concentration of chromium. The Sargassum species exhibited a maximum uptake of 35 mg of chromium per gram of seaweed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and flame photometry studies have been carried out to understand the mechanistic pathway for the removal of chromium. The potential reuse of chromium-containing seaweed for the preparation of basic chromium sulfate (tanning agent) has been demonstrated.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Activated carbons and low cost adsorbents for remediation of tri- and hexavalent chromium from water.
Dinesh Mohan,Charles U. Pittman +1 more
TL;DR: The sorption capacities of commercial developed carbons and other low cost sorbents for chromium remediation are provided, and particular attention is paid to comparing the sorption efficiency and capacities of commercially available activated carbons to otherLow cost alternatives.
Journal ArticleDOI
Removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from wastewater by maghemite nanoparticles
TL;DR: Competition from common coexisting ions such as Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, NO3-, and Cl- was ignorable, which illustrated the selective adsorption of Cr(VI) from wastewater.
Journal ArticleDOI
Montmorillonite-supported magnetite nanoparticles for the removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from aqueous solutions
TL;DR: Fundamental results demonstrate that the montmorillonite-supported magnetite nanoparticles are readily prepared, enabling promising applications for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trivalent chromium removal from wastewater using low cost activated carbon derived from agricultural waste material and activated carbon fabric cloth
TL;DR: The sorption capacity of activated carbon (ATFAC) and activated carbon fabric cloth is comparable to many other adsorbents/carbons/biosorbents utilized for the removal of trivalent chromium from water/wastewater.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toxic hazards of leather industry and technologies to combat threat: a review
TL;DR: In this paper, two broad categories of technical methods, the first group involves the introduction of processing technologies by decreasing the effluent pollution load, avoiding the use of harmful chemicals and producing solid wastes that can be used as by-products.
References
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Book
Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds
TL;DR: In this article, the normal modes of vibration are illustrated and corresponding vibrational frequencies are listed for each type, including diatomic, triatomic, fouratomic, five-atomic, six-atomic and seven-atomic types.
Journal ArticleDOI
Book reviewA text-book of quantitative inorganic analysis: A. I. Vogel: (including elementary instrumental analysis). 3rd Ed. Longmans, Green, London, 1962. Pp.xxx + 1216 70s.
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Biosorption of Heavy Metals
Bohumil Volesky,Z. R. Holan +1 more
TL;DR: The state of the art in the field of biosorption is reviewed, with many references to recent reviews and key individual contributions, and the composition of marine algae polysaccharide structures, which seem instrumental in metal uptake and binding are discussed.
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Instrumental Analysis Study of Iron Species Biosorption by Sargassum Biomass
TL;DR: In this article, the mechanism of iron uptake by the dry biomass of the brown seaweed Sargassum fluitans was investigated at the molecular level using different instrumental techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the chemical microanalysis by electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) of the biomass exposed to iron solutions.
Journal ArticleDOI
An improved product-process for cleaner chrome tanning in leather processing
TL;DR: An improved chrome syntan with more than 90% uptake of chrome has been developed in this paper, which can be applied directly to delimed pelts thus eliminating the conventional pickling stage in the leather processing.