Journal ArticleDOI
Biofilm Susceptibility to Antimicrobials
Peter Gilbert,J. Das,I. Foley +2 more
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The dominant mechanisms are thought to be related to modified nutrient environments and suppression of growth rate within the biofilm; direct interactions between the exopolymer matrices, and their constituents, and antimicrobials, affecting diffusion and availability; and the development of biofilm/attachmentspecific phenotypes.Abstract:
Microbial biofilms, where organisms are intimately associated with each other and a solid substratum through binding and inclusion within an exopolymer matrix, are widely distributed in nature and disease. In the mouth, multispecies biofilms are associated not only with dental plaque and tooth decay but also with soft tissues of the buccal cavity and with most forms of periodontal disease. Organization of micro-organisms within biofilms confers, on the component species, properties which are not evident with the individual species grown independently or as planktonic populations in liquid media. While many of these properties relate to the establishment of functional, mixed-species consortia within the exopolymeric matrices, others relate to the establishment of physico-chemical gradients, within the biofilm, that modify the metabolism of the component cells. A consequence of biofilm growth that has profound implications for their control in the environment and in medicine is a markedly enhanced resistanc...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents
Thien-Fah Mah,George A. O'Toole +1 more
TL;DR: Owing to the heterogeneous nature of the biofilm, it is likely that there are multiple resistance mechanisms at work within a single community.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial Biofilms: from Ecology to Molecular Genetics
Mary E. Davey,George A. O'Toole +1 more
TL;DR: The recent explosion in the field of biofilm research has led to exciting progress in the development of new technologies for studying these communities, advanced the authors' understanding of the ecological significance of surface-attached bacteria, and provided new insights into the molecular genetic basis ofBiofilm development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Riddle of Biofilm Resistance
TL;DR: The nature of bacterial biofilm resistance to antimicrobials is the subject of the present minireview and describes an increased resistance of cells to killing.
Journal ArticleDOI
The biofilm matrix
TL;DR: The extracellular matrix is a complex and extremely important component of all biofilms, providing architectural structure and mechanical stability to the attached population, and these intrinsic and extrinsic factors combine to produce a dynamic, heterogeneous microenvironment for the attached and enveloped cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biofilm formation by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans: development, architecture, and drug resistance.
Jyotsna Chandra,Duncan M. Kuhn,Pranab K. Mukherjee,Lois L. Hoyer,Thomas S. McCormick,Mahmoud A. Ghannoum +5 more
TL;DR: The studies described here form the basis for investigations into the molecular mechanisms of Candida biofilm biology and antifungal resistance and provide the means to design novel therapies for biofilm-based infections.
References
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TL;DR: This chapter discusses the role of the Bacterial Glycocalyx in Populations on Inert Surfaces, as well as its role in cell reprograming, and the importance of knowing the phytochemical properties of the substance.
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TL;DR: It is clearly, timely to ask the question "What are the essential differences between a planktonic cell growing in the conventional batch culture and a cell of the same species growing in a natural multispecies biofilm?"
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The Effect of Solid Surfaces upon Bacterial Activity
TL;DR: The following report is concerned with the ways in which solid or adsorbing surfaces may influence bacterial activity.
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Tobramycin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells growing as a biofilm on urinary catheter material.
TL;DR: Data indicate that growth within thick adherent biofilms confers a measure of tobramycin resistance on cells of P. aeruginosa.