Capacity of dynamically installed anchors as assessed through field testing and three-dimensional large-deformation finite element analyses

TLDR: In this paper, the capacity of dynamically installed anchors in soft normally consolidated clay was examined experimentally through a series of field tests on a 1:20 reduced-scale anchor, achieving tip embedment of 1.5-2.6 times the anchor length, before being loaded under undrained conditions at various load inclinations.

Abstract: The capacity of dynamically installed anchors in soft normally consolidated clay was examined experimentally through a series of field tests on a 1:20 reduced-scale anchor. The anchors were installed through free fall in water, achieving tip embedment of 1.5–2.6 times the anchor length, before being loaded under undrained conditions at various load inclinations. Vertical anchor capacities were between 2.4 and 4.1 times the anchor dry weight and were satisfactorily predicted using the American Petroleum Institute approach for driven piles. Anchor capacity under inclined loading increased as the load inclination approached horizontal; the field data indicated this increase to be up to 30% for the minimum achievable inclination of about 20° to the horizontal. Corresponding large-deformation finite element analyses showed a similar response, with the maximum capacity occurring at a load inclination between 30° and 45° to the horizontal. The finite element results demonstrate that, for the anchor geometry cons...