Journal ArticleDOI
Cerebral Hemodynamics and Metabolism Following Experimental Head Injury
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The present experiments were undertaken to clarify the nature of acute cerebral disorders resulting from head injury and based on experimental observations of concussion produced by a pendulum striking the freely moving head, it was concluded that this type of concussion was due to temporary paralysis of nervous function.Abstract:
T HE pathogenesis of cerebral concussion has long been debated. The present experiments were undertaken to clarify the nature of acute cerebral disorders resulting from head injury. Concussion was defined by Denny-Brown as a "transitory and reversible nervous reaction with immediate onset following physical stress of sufficient violence and brevity, and characterized by progressive recovery thereafter. ''~ There are two main theories concerning the pathogenesis of concussion: the excitation theory of Walker, e t al., 4a and the paralytic theory of Denny-Brown and Russell2 These two theories, which postulate opposite mechanisms, will be reviewed. Walker and his associates 43 observed the appearance of fast activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) with little change in amplitude immediately after a compressive impact applied to the exposed dura and brain in experimental animals. This was followed by '"extinction." The EEG changes were frequently accompanied by tonic extension movements of the extremities. They suggested that this type of concussion resulted from excitation of the central nervous system. An opposite view was proposed by Denny-Brown and Russell. Based on experimental observations of concussion produced by a pendulum striking the freely moving head (acceleration concussion), they concluded that this type of concussion was due to temporary paralysis of nervous function. In man, concussion is characterized by transient loss of neural function, accompa-read more
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Dissertation
Heart Rate Variability following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Observational Pilot Study
TL;DR: Heart rate variability (HRV), an objective marker of physiological stress can be used as a measure of stress capacity and may fill this gap within the pediatric sport population due to its high prevalence and potential impact on neurological development.
Journal ArticleDOI
New monitors of neurological functions — part 2
Matthew T. V. Chan,J.M.K. Lam +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the development of new monitors including near-infrared spectroscopy, brain tissue oxygen tension measurement, intracerebral microdialysis, monitors of compliance and techniques for measuring motor evoked potential are discussed in detail.
Journal ArticleDOI
Concussion among military service academy members: identifying risk factors, recovery trajectories, and the role of mental health.
TL;DR: From a sample of 10 604 cadets, 800 concussions at three US service academies are investigated to identify factors that increase concussion risk, prolong recovery, and the relationship between concussion and psychological symptoms.
Dissertation
Concussion assessment reliability
TL;DR: The test-retest reliabilities of three commercially available computer-based concussion assessment programs are not as high as previously reported and differences in results and those previously reported are not likely attributed to effort by the participants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cerebral venous pressure, its relation to systemic venous pressure and to the development of cerebral edema
TL;DR: The influence of all these c i rcu la tory factors on the development of ce rebra l edema depends on their effeet on the level of the in t raeapi l lary p ressure in the brain, which determines the fil tration of water from the vesse ls into the brain tissue.
References
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Brain stem reticular formation and activation of the EEG
G. Moruzzi,Horace W. Magoun +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that reticular activation is associated with the activation of the reticular formation of the brain stem, and that reticulus activation can be induced by low frequency stimulation of the diffuse thalamic projection system, rather than intra-cortical spread following the arrival of afferent impulses at the sensory receiving areas of the cortex.
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The luxury-perfusion syndrome and its possible relation to acute metabolic acidosis localised within the brain
Journal ArticleDOI
Relationships of pyruvate and lactate during anaerobic metabolism. I. Effects of infusion of pyruvate or glucose and of hyperventilation.
TL;DR: In shock state associated with a reduced or maintained blood flow, an important proportion of muscle lactate release is regulated by a "2 receptor stimulation and not secondary to a reduced oxygen availability", demonstrating that lactate production during shock states is related, at least in part, to increased NaK-ATPase activity under "2 stimulation.