Challenges and Emerging Trends in Toner Waste Recycling: A Review
Meera Parthasarathy
- Vol. 6, Iss: 3, pp 57
TLDR
In this article, the existing challenges in toner waste recycling are discussed from the perspective of environmental, health, and feasibility aspects, and the challenges have been opening up alternative strategies to recycle toner wastes.Abstract:
Toner waste is one of the major electronic waste materials posing serious environmental threat and health hazards. Globally, only about 20–30% of toner waste is recycled, while the remaining percentage is dumped in landfills. Recycling options are limited due to the desirably engineered durability of toners, ascribed to a complicated composition of chemicals, carbon black, and plastic particles, which in turn creates critical challenges in recycling. The World Health Organization has classified toner waste as class 2B carcinogen due to its potential health hazard. In this review, the existing challenges in toner waste recycling are discussed from the perspective of environmental, health, and feasibility aspects. In parallel, the challenges have been opening up alternative strategies to recycle toner wastes. Emerging trends in toner waste recycling include transformation of toner waste into value-added products, utilization as raw material for nanomaterial synthesis, generation of composite electrodes for power generation/storage devices, integration into construction materials, and development of microwave absorbing composites. Considering the enormous volume of toner waste generated globally every year, better recycling and transformation strategies are needed immediately. A circular economy could be established in the future by transforming the enormous toner waste into a resource for other applications. For an effective management of toner waste in the future, an integrated approach involving policies and legislations, infrastructure for collection and treatment, and financial planning among the stakeholders is needed in addition to technological innovations.read more
Citations
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The state of art of nanocarbon black as analyte in a variety of matrices: A review
TL;DR: Carbon black (CB) is a diverse and interesting material from an industrial point of view, mainly as component of composites, reinforcing material, and as a pigment as mentioned in this paper .
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Green valorization of end-of-life toner powder to iron oxide-nanographene nanohybrid as a recyclable persulfate activator for degrading emerging micropollutants.
TL;DR: In this paper , the sustainable management of toner waste (Traw) was performed via carbonization at 500 °C and 600 °C (T-600) to produce iron oxide-nanographene nanohybrid (FeO-NG) for activating persulfate (PS) to efficiently degrade dyes (methylene blue, MB), antibiotics (sulfamethazine, SMZ), and pesticides (diazinon, DZN).
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Statistical process monitoring for e-waste based on beta regression and particle swarm optimization
TL;DR: In this paper , an approach for monitoring the proportion of e-waste devices based on Beta regression model and particle swarm optimization was developed for managing reliability and quality to devices in manufacturing processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sustainable Management of Calcite Contaminated with Waste Toner Powder in the Construction Industry
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the possibility of using toner-contaminated calcite as an additive to concrete by using TGA, AAS, XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques, and found that an increase in the amount of calcite contaminated with toner to 20% causes a decrease in compressive strength of concrete by 24-51% depending on material sample.
Journal ArticleDOI
Waste toner-derived porous iron oxide pigments with enhanced catalytic degradation property.
Shanthi Balasubramanian,S. Amudha Dr. M. Kanagarathinam,Ravichandran Cingaram,Venkatachalapathy Bakthavachalam,Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu Iyer,S. Rajendran,Karthikeyan Natesan Sundaramurthy,Suresh Ranganathan +7 more
TL;DR: In this article , a simple direct calcination method was proposed to prepare porous iron oxide (IO) nanomaterials from waste toner powder, which showed good brown-red coloration (L* = 43.11, a* = 13.26 and b* = 5.69) and exhibited good stability in acidic and basic conditions.
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