Changing patterns of localization of the tobacco mosaic virus movement protein and replicase to the endoplasmic reticulum and microtubules during infection
Manfred Heinlein,Hal S. Padgett,John Scott Gens,Barbara G. Pickard,S.J. Casper,Bernard L. Epel,Roger N. Beachy +6 more
TLDR
A model is presented that postulates the role of the ER and cytoskeleton in targeting the MP and viral ribonucleoprotein from sites of virus synthesis to the plasmodesmata through which infection is spread.Abstract:
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) derivatives that encode movement protein (MP) as a fusion to the green fluorescent protein (MP:GFP) were used in combination with antibody staining to identify host cell components to which MP and replicase accumulate in cells of infected Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and in infected BY-2 protoplasts. MP:GFP and replicase colocalized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER; especially the cortical ER) and were present in large, irregularly shaped, ER-derived structures that may represent "viral factories." The ER-derived structures required an intact cytoskeleton, and microtubules appeared to redistribute MP:GFP from these sites during late stages of infection. In leaves, MP:GFP accumulated in plasmodesmata, whereas in protoplasts, the MP:GFP was targeted to distinct, punctate sites near the plasma membrane. Treating protoplasts with cytochalasin D and brefeldin A at the time of inoculation prevented the accumulation of MP:GFP at these sites. It is proposed that the punctate sites anchor the cortical ER to plasma membrane and are related to sites at which plasmodesmata form in walled cells. Hairlike structures containing MP:GFP appeared on the surface of some of the infected protoplasts and are reminiscent of similar structures induced by other plant viruses. We present a model that postulates the role of the ER and cytoskeleton in targeting the MP and viral ribonucleoprotein from sites of virus synthesis to the plasmodesmata through which infection is spread.read more
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Three-dimensional imaging by deconvolution microscopy.
TL;DR: The principles of deconVolution microscopy are discussed, different computational approaches for deconvolution are described, and interpretation of deconvolved images with a particular emphasis on what artifacts may arise are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant viral movement proteins: agents for cell-to-cell trafficking of viral genomes.
TL;DR: Pioneering studies on plant viruses revealed that plasmodesmata allow the cell-to-cell trafficking of virally encoded proteins, termed the movement proteins (MPs), and pivotal discoveries are discussed in terms of the need to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the three-dimensional structure of MPs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Viral Movement Proteins as Probes for Intracellular and Intercellular Trafficking in Plants
TL;DR: The ability of viruses to cross the cellulosic cell wall to propagate infection throughout a plant has been a long-standing puzzle in plant cell biology and virology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alternatively spliced N resistance gene transcripts: Their possible role in tobacco mosaic virus resistance
TL;DR: The results suggest that both N transcripts and presumably their encoded protein products are necessary to confer complete resistance to TMV.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional analysis of proteins involved in movement of the monopartite begomovirus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus.
Maria R. Rojas,Hao Jiang,Raquel Salati,Beatriz Xoconostle-Cázares,Mysore R. Sudarshana,William J. Lucas,Robert L. Gilbertson +6 more
TL;DR: Investigation of the functional properties of proteins potentially involved with movement of the monopartite begomovirus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), established that TYLCV infection was limited to phloem cells of shoot apical, leaf, stem, and floral tissues, and the V1 and/or C4 may be analogs of the bipartite beggingomov virus BC1 that have evolved to mediate TY LCV movement withinPhloem tissue.
References
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