Coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 – Perspectives &Preventive strategies using a biological response modifier Glucan
Nobunao Ikewaki,Nobunao Ikewaki,K.S.J. Rao,Armando Durant Archibold,Masaru Iwasaki,Rajappa Senthilkumar,Senthilkumar Preethy,Shojiro Katoh,Samuel J. K. Abraham +8 more
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TLDR
The perspectives on the effect of regular supplementation with the biological response modifier beta glucan based on its relevance to immune modulation are presented, of paramount importance in decreasing the development of severe COVID-19 and reducing mortality against the background of coagulopathy, especially in vulnerable populations.Abstract:
Direct endothelial injury by viruses and dysregulation of clotting mechanisms due to cytokine storm are the major precipitating factors of mortality in COVID-19; both are attributed to a fundamental dysregulation of the immune system. While immune dysregulation can be attributed to several factors, the risk of associated thrombogenic disruption varies across individuals. This variation depends on several factors, such as comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. When considering ethnic variations, the vulnerability of Caucasians, African Americans and Hispanics needs to be addressed before arriving at strategies to handle thromboembolic complications, which have been identified in recent reports as the leading causes of mortality in COVID-19. Although evaluation of D-dimer and prothrombin during admission is considered to predict prognosis and mortality, there are no preventive or prophylactic strategies before hospital admission. Herein, we present our perspectives on the effect of regular supplementation with the biological response modifier beta glucan based on its relevance to immune modulation. This effect is of paramount importance in decreasing the development of severe COVID-19 and reducing mortality against the background of coagulopathy, especially in vulnerable populations.read more
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References
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Immunological Actions of Sophy β-Glucan (β-1,3-1,6 Glucan), Currently Available Commercially as a Health Food Supplement
TL;DR: Findings strongly suggest that the Sophy β‐glucan may have unique immune regulatory or enhancing properties that could be exploited by the health food, medical and pharmaceutical industries.
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β-Glucan derived from Aureobasidium pullulans is effective for the prevention of influenza in mice.
Daisuke Muramatsu,Atsushi Iwai,Shiho Aoki,Hirohumi Uchiyama,Koji Kawata,Yosuke Nakayama,Yasuhiro Nikawa,Kisato Kusano,Mitsuyasu Okabe,Tadaaki Miyazaki +9 more
TL;DR: Oral administration of Aureobasidium pullulans-cultured fluid (AP-CF) enriched with the β-(1→3),(1→6)-D-glucan exhibits efficacy to protect mice infected with a lethal titer of the A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8; H1N1) strain of influenza virus.
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More on COVID-19 coagulopathy in Caucasian patients.
Helen Fogarty,Helen Fogarty,Liam Townsend,Cliona Ni Cheallaigh,Colm Bergin,Ignacio Martin-Loeches,Ignacio Martin-Loeches,Paul Browne,Christopher L. Bacon,Richard Gaule,Alexander Gillett,Mary Byrne,Kevin Ryan,Niamh M O'Connell,Jamie M. O’Sullivan,Niall Conlon,James S. O’Donnell +16 more
TL;DR: The Authors report on a weight-adjusted dose of enoxaparin higher than that registered in Europe for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized acutely ill medical patients.
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Prophylactic Anti-Infective Activity of Poly-[1-6]-β-d-Glucopyranosyl-[1-3]-β-d-Glucopyranose Glucan in a Guinea Pig Model of Staphylococcal Wound Infection
TL;DR: It is concluded that PGG glucan reduces the risk of staphylococcal abscess formation and is a novel means of prophylaxis against surgical infection and may be less likely than antibiotics to be affected adversely by the increasing antibiotic resistance of nosocomial pathogens.
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Population genetics of venous thromboembolism. A narrative review.
TL;DR: Results from epidemiological studies are consistent with the hypothesis that disparities in venous thromboembolism (VTE) burden are attributable to differences in genetic structure among populations from different genetic backgrounds and identification of these variants provided specific insight into VTE disease in selected populations.