Open AccessJournal Article
Cosmic rays. 1. The Cosmic ray spectrum between 10**4-GeV and 3.10**9-GeV
TLDR
In this article, a theory to account for the Cosmic Ray spectrum between 10 4 GeV and 3 10 9 GeV is proposed. But the model is based on a conjecture about the diffusion tensor of relativistic particles perpendicular to the magnetic field at a supernova shock, and considering particle drifts.Abstract:
Based on a conjecture about the diffusion tensor of relativistic particles perpendicular to the magnetic field at a shock, and considering particle drifts, I develop a theory to account for the Cosmic Ray spectrum between 10 4 GeV and 3 10 9 GeV. The essential assumption is that the free mean path perpendicular to the magnetic field is independent of energy and has the scale of the thickness of the shocked layer. I then use the basic concept, that the energetic Cosmic Ray particles are accelerated in a Supernova shock that travels down the density gradient of a stellar wind; as an example I use a Wolf Rayet star wind. Physically important ingredients beside the presence of a strong shock are diffusion, drifts, convection, adiabatic cooling, the injection history, and the topology of the magnetic field, assumed to behave similarly to the solar windread more
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Can diffusive shock acceleration in supernova remnants account for high-energy galactic cosmic rays?
TL;DR: However, the isotropy seriously challenges the assumed cosmic-ray trapping time and hence the shape of the spectrum of particles released from young supernova remnants, and there remains the possibility that the spectral shape of particles actually released is not as previously predicted as mentioned in this paper.
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On the knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays
TL;DR: In this article, direct and indirect measurements of cosmic rays are reviewed, with emphasis given to the understanding of the knee in the energy spectrum, and the data are compared to contemporary models for the knee.
On the knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays
TL;DR: In this article, direct and indirect measurements of cosmic rays are reviewed, with emphasis given to the understanding of the knee in the energy spectrum, and the data are compared to contemporary models for the knee.
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Astrophysical models for the origin of the positron 'excess'
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize the global picture emerging from the data and recapitulate the main features of different types of explanations proposed, and the perspectives in testing different scenarios as well as inferring some astrophysical diagnostics from current/near future experiments are also discussed.
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High-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos from semirelativistic hypernovae
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the external shock wave produced by the high-velocity ejecta of a hypernova can accelerate protons up to energies as high as 10 − 19 ǫ n/eV, and the cosmological hypernova rate is sufficient to account for the energy flux above the second knee.
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