Journal ArticleDOI
DXplain: An Evolving Diagnostic Decision-Support System
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TLDR
A key element in the distribution of DXplain is the planned collaboration with its physician-users whose comments, criticisms, and suggestions will play an important role in modifying and enhancing the knowledge base.Abstract:
DXplain is an evolving computer-based diagnostic decision-support system designed for use by the physician who has no computer expertise. DXplain accepts a list of clinical manifestations and then proposes diagnostic hypotheses. The program explains and justifies its interpretations and provides access to a knowledge base concerning the differential diagnosis of the signs and symptoms. DXplain was developed with the support and cooperation of the American Medical Association. The system is distributed to the medical community through AMA/NET—a nationwide computer communications network sponsored by the American Medical Association—and through the Massachusetts General Hospital Continuing Education Network. A key element in the distribution of DXplain is the planned collaboration with its physician-users whose comments, criticisms, and suggestions will play an important role in modifying and enhancing the knowledge base. ( JAMA 1987;258:67-74)read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
TL;DR: Recent breakthroughs in AI technologies and their biomedical applications are outlined, the challenges for further progress in medical AI systems are identified, and the economic, legal and social implications of AI in healthcare are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
A universal model of diagnostic reasoning.
TL;DR: The author proposes a schematic model that uses the theory to develop a universal approach toward clinical decision making and cautions that not all medical reasoning and decision making falls neatly into one or the other of the model's systems.
Book ChapterDOI
Clinical decision-support systems
TL;DR: From the earliest days of computing people have recognized that computers might support physicians by helping these people to sift through the vast collection of possible diseases and symptoms, and this idea has been echoed in futuristic works of science fiction.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Designing Theory-Driven User-Centric Explainable AI
TL;DR: This paper proposes a conceptual framework for building human-centered, decision-theory-driven XAI based on an extensive review across philosophy and psychology, and identifies pathways along which human cognitive patterns drives needs for building XAI and how XAI can mitigate common cognitive biases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical Diagnostics in Human Genetics with Semantic Similarity Searches in Ontologies
Sebastian Köhler,Marcel H. Schulz,Marcel H. Schulz,Peter Krawitz,Sebastian Bauer,Sandra Dolken,Claus E. Ott,Christine Mundlos,Denise Horn,Stefan Mundlos,Stefan Mundlos,Peter N. Robinson,Peter N. Robinson +12 more
TL;DR: In this article, semantic similarity metrics are used to measure phenotypic similarity between queries and hereditary diseases annotated with the use of the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) and a statistical model is developed to assign p values to the resulting similarity scores, which can be used to rank the candidate diseases.
References
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Internist-I, an Experimental Computer-Based Diagnostic Consultant for General Internal Medicine
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the present form of the INTERNIST-I program is not sufficiently reliable for clinical applications and specific deficiencies that must be overcome include the program’s inability to reason anatomically or temporally, its inability to construct differential diagnoses spanning multiple problem areas, and its occasional attribution of findings to improper causes.
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Information needs in office practice: are they being met?
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Clement J. McDonald,Siu L. Hui,David M. Smith,William M. Tierney,Stuart J. Cohen,Morris Weinberger,George P. McCabe +6 more
TL;DR: A computer-stored medical record system containing a limited set of the total clinical data base--primarily diagnostic studies and treatments responds to its own content according to physician-authored reminder rules according to 1490 rules on physician behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
Towards the simulation of clinical cognition: Taking a present illness by computer
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Journal ArticleDOI
Computer programs to support clinical decision making
TL;DR: The current status of computer-based medical decision support, the goals of system developers, the reasons for slow progress since the field began almost 30 years ago, and the logistical and scientific challenges that lie ahead are summarized.