Effect of early childhood adversity on child health.
Emalee G. Flaherty,Richard Thompson,Alan J. Litrownik,Adrea D. Theodore,Diana J. English,Maureen M. Black,Traci L. Wike,Lakecia Whimper,Desmond K. Runyan,Howard Dubowitz +9 more
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TLDR
Adverse environmental exposures, including child abuse and other household dysfunction, are associated with poor child health even at an early age, although the data do not support a dose-response relationship.Abstract:
Objective To examine the effect of child abuse and other household dysfunction on child health outcomes. Design Data from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect collected through interviews and questionnaires administered when target children were 4 years old and 6 years old. Setting Children in the South, East, Midwest, Northwest, and Southwest United States. Participants One thousand forty-one children at high risk for child abuse and neglect (3 cohorts derived primarily from among children recruited through social service mechanisms, 1 cohort recruited at birth from among high-risk infants, and 1 cohort recruited from a medical setting). Main Outcome Measures (1) Association of 7 adverse exposures (3 categories of child abuse [physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological maltreatment] and 4 categories of household dysfunction [caregiver problem drinking, caregiver depression, caregiver treated violently, and criminal behavior in the household]) derived from data collected when the child was 4 years old. (2) Indexes of child physical health at age 6 years (caregiver overall assessment of child health and reports of illness requiring medical attention). Results Two thirds of the sample had experienced at least 1 adverse exposure. One adverse exposure almost doubled the risk of overall poor health (odds ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-3.48), and 4 adverse exposures or more almost tripled the risk of illness requiring medical attention (odds ratio, 2.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-7.31). Conclusion Adverse environmental exposures, including child abuse and other household dysfunction, are associated with poor child health even at an early age, although our data do not support a dose-response relationship.read more
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The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress
TL;DR: An ecobiodevelopmental framework is presented that suggests that many adult diseases should be viewed as developmental disorders that begin early in life and that persistent health disparities associated with poverty, discrimination, or maltreatment could be reduced by the alleviation of toxic stress in childhood.
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Adverse childhood experiences and life opportunities: shifting the narrative
TL;DR: Compared to participants with no ACEs, those with higher ACE scores were more likely to report high school non-completion, unemployment, and living in a household below the federal poverty level, suggesting that preventing early adversity may impact health and life opportunities that reverberate across generations.
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Risk factors for drug dependence among out-patients on opioid therapy in a large US health-care system.
Joseph A. Boscarino,Margaret Rukstalis,Stuart N. Hoffman,John J Han,Porat M. Erlich,Porat M. Erlich,Glenn S. Gerhard,Walter F. Stewart,Walter F. Stewart +8 more
TL;DR: A small number of factors, many documented in the medical record, predicted opioid dependence among out-patients studied and these preliminary findings should be useful in future research efforts.
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A Prospective Investigation of Physical Health Outcomes in Abused and Neglected Children: New Findings From a 30-Year Follow-Up
TL;DR: Child abuse and neglect affect long-term health status-increasing risk for diabetes, lung disease, malnutrition,nutrition, and vision problems-and support the need for early health care prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Child Health in Early Adolescence
Emalee G. Flaherty,Emalee G. Flaherty,Richard Thompson,Howard Dubowitz,Elizabeth M. Harvey,Diana J. English,Laura J. Proctor,Desmond K. Runyan +7 more
TL;DR: Children with reported or at risk for maltreatment in the South, East, Midwest, Northwest, and Southwest United States Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect sites were surveyed to examine the relationship between previous adverse childhood experiences and somatic concerns and health problems in early adolescence.
References
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TL;DR: The CES-D scale as discussed by the authors is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population, which has been used in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings.
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Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study
Vincent J. Felitti,Robert F. Anda,Dale F. Nordenberg,David F. Williamson,Alison M. Spitz,Valerie J. Edwards,Mary P. Koss,James S. Marks +7 more
TL;DR: For example, this article found a strong relationship between the breadth of exposure to abuse or household dysfunction during childhood and multiple risk factors for several of the leading causes of death in adults.
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The CAGE Questionnaire: Validation of a New Alcoholism Screening Instrument
TL;DR: The authors indicate that the CAGE questionnaire is not a sensitive alcoholism detector if a four-item positive response is the criterion; however, if a two- or three-item criterion is used, it becomes a viable rapid alcoholism screening techniquefor large groups.
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Childhood Abuse, Household Dysfunction, and the Risk of Attempted Suicide Throughout the Life Span Findings From the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study
Shanta R. Dube,Robert F. Anda,Vincent J. Felitti,Daniel P. Chapman,David F. Williamson,Wayne H. Giles +5 more
TL;DR: A powerful graded relationship exists between adverse childhood experiences and risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span, and alcoholism, depressed affect, and illicit drug use, which are strongly associated with such experiences, appear to partially mediate this relationship.
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Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood.
Daniel P. Chapman,Charles L. Whitfield,Vincent J. Felitti,Shanta R. Dube,Valerie J. Edwards,Robert F. Anda +5 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that exposure to ACEs is associated with increased risk of depressive disorders up to decades after their occurrence, and early recognition of childhood abuse and appropriate intervention may play an important role in the prevention of depressive Disorders throughout the life span.