Journal ArticleDOI
Electrical Correlates of Ciliary Reversal in Oikopleura
C. P. Galt,George O. Mackie +1 more
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TLDR
Ciliary reversals continue after removal of the brain, suggesting the existence of a peripheral pacemaker.Abstract:
1. Reversal of the water current through the pharynx of Oikopleura is brought about by a change in the action of the cilia of the two stigmatal ciliated rings. These ‘ciliary reversals’ occur synchronously in the two ciliated rings and can be evoked by the addition of particulate material to the incoming water or by tactile or electrical stimulation of the lips. 2. Nerves run from the lips via the brain to individual ciliated cells, and it is therefore likely that the ciliated cells are under nervous control. 3. At each ciliary reversal an electrical potential can be picked up on the body surface. The same events are recorded by microelectrodes inserted into the ciliated rings. The microelectrode recordings resemble intracellular recordings, and the reversal potentials are considered to represent depolarizations of the membranes of the ciliated cells. 4. Ciliary reversals continue after removal of the brain, suggesting the existence of a peripheral pacemaker.read more
Citations
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The evolutionary history of placodes: a molecular genetic investigation of the larvacean urochordate Oikopleura dioica
TL;DR: It is concluded that extant chordates inherited olfactory and adenohypophyseal placodes from their last common ancestor, but additional independent proliferation and perhaps loss of placode types probably occurred among the three subphyla of Chordata.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nervous control of ciliary activity in gastropod larvae.
TL;DR: The existence of a rich motor innervation supplying the ciliated epithelium in Mangelia has been established using optical and electron microscopy and patterns of electrical signals during periods of ciliary arrest are shown.
Journal ArticleDOI
Branchial innervation and ciliary control in the ascidian Corella.
TL;DR: The duration of the arrest response varies in media with different concentrations of the common cations, and also varies in response to repetitive stimulation, in a manner which suggests that the depolarization of the ciliated cells is associated with an influx of Ca2+, so that the ciliary control here may have some close parallels with that described for Paramecium.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mammoth grazers on the ocean's minuteness: a review of selective feeding using mucous meshes.
TL;DR: Large planktonic microphages are focused on as a model of selective mucus feeding because of their important roles in the ocean food web: as bacterivores, prey for higher trophic levels, and exporters of carbon via mucous aggregates, faecal pellets and jelly-falls.
Journal ArticleDOI
Correlation of electrical and mechanical responses in nervous control of cilia.
Akira Murakami,Kei Takahashi +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used microelectrodes to record the membrane potential of the cilia of Paramecium and found that the ciliary activity was associated with the electrical properties of the cell membrane.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Epithelial Conduction in Hydromedusae
George O. Mackie,L. M. Passano +1 more
TL;DR: Conduction in nonnervous tissues is unaffected by excess Mg++ in concentrations suppressing presumed nervous activity, although this may not be a wholly adequate criterion for distinguishing components of the two systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Passive Electrical Properties of Paramecium and Problems of Ciliary Coordination
Roger Eckert,Yutaka Naitoh +1 more
TL;DR: Potential recordings made simultaneously from opposite ends of the cell indicate that the cytoplasmic compartment of P. caudatum is nearly isopotential and electrical activity conducted by the plasma membrane cannot account for the metachronism of ciliary beat.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nervous and Chemical Stimulation of Gill Cilia in Bivalve Molluscs
TL;DR: A survey was made to ascertain if the excitatory effect of serotonin and of branchial nerve stimulation of ciliary activity is unique for M. edulis or is found, perhaps with some differences, in other bivalves.