Journal ArticleDOI
Eliminating cultural oppression in counseling: toward a general theory
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TLDR
In this article, a general working theory of how race and culture-specific factors interact in such a way as to produce people with differing world views is proposed, and empirical and clinical data are reviewed that indicate two psychological concepts may be useful in explaining how world views are formed and their consequent dynamics.Abstract:
A general working theory of how raceand culture-specific factors interact in such a way as to produce people with differing world views is proposed. Empirical and clinical data are reviewed that indicate two psychological concepts—locus of control and locus of responsibility—may be useful in explaining how world views are formed and their consequent dynamics. Four world views are identified: (a) internal locus of control internal locus of responsibility, (b) external locus of control internal locus of responsibility, (c) external locus of control external locus of responsibility, and (d) internal locus of control external locus of responsibility. It is proposed that the internal locus of control and responsibility world view is most characteristic of western counseling approaches and assumptions. Cultural oppression occurs when this world view is blindly imposed upon the culturally different client. Implications of each world view are discussed with respect to counseling in the United States.read more
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Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists
TL;DR: These “Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists” reflect knowledge and skills needed for the profession in the midst of dramatic historic sociopolitical changes in U.S. society, as well as needs of new constituencies, markets, and clients.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Psychology of Worldviews
TL;DR: A worldview (or "world view") is a set of assumptions about physical and social reality that may have powerful effects on cognition and behavior as mentioned in this paper, and it is defined as "a set of beliefs about the world view".
Journal ArticleDOI
The process of empowerment: A model for use in research and practice.
TL;DR: The empowerment process model builds on prior work in taking the following steps: articulating empowerment as an iterative process, identifying core elements of that process, and defining the process in a way that is practically useful to both researchers and practitioners with terms that are easily communicated and applied.
Book ChapterDOI
Gender-Role Conflict and Strain in Men’s Lives
TL;DR: Gender reevaluation is the process whereby men and women assess, maintain, and redefine their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors about their masculine, feminine, and androgynous roles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Principles and Virtues A Foundation for Ethical Decisions, Policies, and Character
TL;DR: In this paper, a coherent structure for enhancing the ethical competence of psychologists and counselors and the level of public trust in the character and actions of these professions and their members is proposed.
References
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Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it, and individuals may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
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Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a learned-helplessness model of depression and developed a set of guidelines for depression and learned helplessness, including depression, anxiety and unpredictability, childhood failure, sudden psychosomatic death controllability.
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The Myth of Mental Illness
TL;DR: A critical examination of the concept of mental illness is therefore indispensable for understanding the ideas, institutions, and interventions of psychiatrists as discussed by the authors, as well as its application in the treatment of mental disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Some Problems and Misconceptions Related to the Construct of Internal Versus External Control of Reinforcement
TL;DR: Rotter as discussed by the authors discusses the place of this construct within the framework of social learning theory, misconceptions and problems of a theoretical nature, and misuses and limitations associated with measurement, as well as the logic of predictions from test scores.