Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental contamination due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: possible infection control implications.
TLDR
It is concluded that inanimate surfaces near affected patients commonly become contaminated with MRSA and that the frequency of contamination is affected by the body site at which patients are colonized or infected.Abstract:
Objective:To study the possible role of contaminated environmental surfaces as a reservoir of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals.Design:A prospective culture survey of inanimate objects in the rooms of patients with MRSA.Setting:A 200-bed university-affiliated teaching hospital.Patients:Thirty-eight consecutive patients colonized or infected with MRSA. Patients represented endemic MRSA cases.Results:Ninety-six (27%) of 350 surfaces sampled in the rooms of affected patients were contaminated with MRSA. When patients had MRSA in a wound or urine, 36% of surfaces were contaminated. In contrast, when MRSA was isolated from other body sites, only 6% of surfaces were contaminated (odds ratio, 8.8; 95% confidence interval, 3.725.5; Pく.0001). Environmental contamination occurred in the rooms of 73% of infected patients and 69% of colonized patients. Frequently contaminated objects included the floor, bed linens, the patient's gown, overbed tables, and blood pressure cuffs. Sixty-five percent of nurses who had performed morning patient-care activities on patients with MRSA in a wound or urine contaminated their nursing uniforms or gowns with MRSA. Forty-two percent of personnel who had no direct contact with such patients, but had touched contaminated surfaces, contaminated their gloves with MRSA.Conclusions:We concluded that inanimate surfaces near affected patients commonly become contaminated with MRSA and that the frequency of contamination is affected by the body site at which patients are colonized or infected. That personnel may contaminate their gloves (or possibly their hands) by touching such surfaces suggests that contaminated environmental surfaces may serve as a reservoir of MRSA in hospitals.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings. Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HIPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force.
John M. Boyce,Didier Pittet +1 more
TL;DR: The Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings provides health-care workers (HCWs) with a review of data regarding handwashing and hand antisepsis and provides specific recommendations to promote improved hand-hygiene practices and reduce transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to patients and personnel in health- Care settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings.
TL;DR: The ability of hospital ventilation systems to filter Aspergillus and other fungi following a building implosion and the impact of bedside design and furnishing on nosocomial infections are investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review
TL;DR: The most common nosocomial pathogens may well survive or persist on surfaces for months and can thereby be a continuous source of transmission if no regular preventive surface disinfection is performed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings: recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force.
John M. Boyce,Didier Pittet +1 more
TL;DR: The Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings provides health-care workers (HCWs) with a review of data regarding handwashing and hand antisepsis in health care settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology and clinical consequences of an emerging epidemic.
Michael Z. David,Robert S. Daum +1 more
TL;DR: This review details the epidemiology of CA-MRSA strains and the clinical spectrum of infectious syndromes associated with them that ranges from a commensal state to severe, overwhelming infection and addresses the therapy of these infections and strategies for their prevention.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals. The Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee.
Journal ArticleDOI
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in U.S. hospitals, 1975-1991.
Adelisa L. Panlilio,David H. Culver,Robert P. Gaynes,Shailen N. Banerjee,Tonya S. Henderson,James S. Tolson,William J. Martone +6 more
TL;DR: This study suggests that hospitals of all sizes are facing the problem of MRSA, the problem appears to be increasing regardless of hospital size, and control measures advocated for MRSA appear to require re-evaluation.
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Epidemiology of Nosocomial Infections Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
TL;DR: A program designed to control a widespread outbreak in a university hospital used three surveillance methods to identify the major institutional reservoir of colonized and infected inpatients and found transient carriage on the hands of hospital personnel appears to be the most important mechanism of serial patient-to-patient transmission.
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An Outbreak of Infections Caused by Strains of Staphylococcus aureus Resistant to Methicillin and Aminoglycosides. I. Clinical Studies
TL;DR: Stains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and multiple aminoglycosides, (designated MARS) were recovered from 108 inpatients with nosocomial infections at a hospital in the midwestern United States, and recovered from the burn wounds of 64%; 32% of the patients with burns had MARS bacteremia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Elimination of coincident Staphylococcus aureus nasal and hand carriage with intranasal application of mupirocin calcium ointment
David R. Reagan,Bradley N. Doebbeling,Michael A. Pfaller,Carol T. Sheetz,A. Houston,Richard J. Hollis,Richard P. Wenzel +6 more
TL;DR: When applied intranasally for 5 days, mupirocin calcium ointment is safe and effective in eliminating S. aureus nasal carriage in healthy persons for up to 3 months and appears to have a corresponding effect on hand carriage at 72 hours after therapy.