Open AccessJournal Article
Epidemiology of betel quid usage.
Prakash C. Gupta,Cecily S. Ray +1 more
TLDR
Use of areca nut in any form is not safe for oral health; the use of commercially manufactured forms seems even riskier.Abstract:
Betel quid chewing is an ancient practice common in many countries of Asia and among migrated communities in Africa, Europe and North America. It enjoys complete social acceptance in many societies and is also popular among women. In its most basic form, betel quid consists of betel leaf (Piper betel), areca nut, the main psychoactive ingredient, and slaked lime (calcium hydroxide). Areca nut is said to be the fourth most commonly used psychoactive substance in the world, after caffeine, nicotine and alcohol. There are a great variety of ingredients and ways of preparing betel quid in different countries. In some, particularly in India, tobacco is added to the quid. In recent years, commercially-manufactured non-perishable forms of betel quid (pan masala or betel quid mixtures and gutka), not containing betel leaf, have been marketed. Within a short period of about 2 decades, this industry has risen in value to several hundred US million dollars. Use of areca nut in any form is not safe for oral health; the use of commercially manufactured forms seems even riskier.read more
Citations
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Lifestyle risk factors for oral cancer
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Epidemiology of cancer from the oral cavity and oropharynx
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Epidemiology and Demographics of the Head and Neck Cancer Population.
TL;DR: The most common risk factors for developing head and neck cancers are tobacco and alcohol use and human papilloma virus, which has been associated with oropharyngeal cancer.
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Oral cavity cancer in developed and in developing countries: population-based incidence.
Marianna de Camargo Cancela,Lydia Voti,Marta E. Guerra-Yi,François Chapuis,Mathieu Mazuir,Maria Paula Curado +5 more
TL;DR: The incidence of oral cavity cancer in developed and in developing countries is studied and the anatomic definition of oropharyngeal subsites is studied.
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Oral submucous fibrosis: study of 1000 cases from central India.
TL;DR: There is a marked difference in literacy, socioeconomic status, areca nut chewing habits, symptoms and disease severity in women when compared with men in the central Indian population.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans
Journal ArticleDOI
Global epidemiology of areca nut usage
TL;DR: Some interesting trends on chewing patterns have emerged from recent data, suggesting a decline in the habit in some countries such as Thailand while the prevalence of areca nut use is rising in India and Taiwan.
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Incidence rates of oral cancer and natural history of oral precancerous lesions in a 10-year follow-up study of Indian villagers.
Prakash C. Gupta,F. S. Mehta,D. K. Daftary,Jens J. Pindborg,R. B. Bhonsle,P. N. Jalnawalla,P. N. Sinor,V. K. Pitkar,P. R. Murti,R. R. Irani,H.T. Shah,P M Kadam,K S S Iyer,H M Iyer,A K Hegde,G K Chandrashekar,B C Shiroff,B E Sahiar,M N Mehta +18 more
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Prevalence of betel quid chewing habit in Taiwan and related sociodemographic factors.
TL;DR: A statistical analysis of sociodemographic factors showed that lesser educated older men, blue collar workers, smokers and drinkers were the likeliest betel chewers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Etiology of oral submucous fibrosis with special reference to the role of areca nut chewing
TL;DR: Oral submucous fibrosis is a high risk precancerous condition, predominantly affecting Indians, and consumption of chilli was hypothesized as an etiologic factor on the basis of ecological observations and a solitary animal experimental study.