Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance
TLDR
In this paper, the authors examined the change in the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) when cross-group constraints are imposed on a measurement model and found that the change was independent of both model complexity and sample size.Abstract:
Measurement invariance is usually tested using Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis, which examines the change in the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) when cross-group constraints are imposed on a measurement model. Although many studies have examined the properties of GFI as indicators of overall model fit for single-group data, there have been none to date that examine how GFIs change when between-group constraints are added to a measurement model. The lack of a consensus about what constitutes significant GFI differences places limits on measurement invariance testing. We examine 20 GFIs based on the minimum fit function. A simulation under the two-group situation was used to examine changes in the GFIs (ΔGFIs) when invariance constraints were added. Based on the results, we recommend using Δcomparative fit index, ΔGamma hat, and ΔMcDonald's Noncentrality Index to evaluate measurement invariance. These three ΔGFIs are independent of both model complexity and sample size, and are not correlated with the o...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sensitivity of Goodness of Fit Indexes to Lack of Measurement Invariance
TL;DR: In this article, the sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance at three commonly tested levels: factor loadings, intercepts, and residual variances was examined, and the most intriguing finding was that changes in fit statistics are affected by the interaction between the pattern of invariance and the proportion of invariant items.
Journal ArticleDOI
Authentic Leadership: Development and Validation of a Theory-Based Measure†:
TL;DR: The authors developed and tested a theory-based measure of authentic leadership using five separate samples obtained from China, Kenya, and the United States, and found a positive relationship between authentic leadership and supervisor-rated performance.
Book ChapterDOI
The standards for educational and psychological testing.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of sales in terms of total units sold in the United States for the years 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
Journal ArticleDOI
Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: The state of the art and future directions for psychological research
TL;DR: The state of measurement invariance testing and reporting is surveyed, the results of a literature review of studies that tested invariance are details, and Implications for the future of measurement symmetry testing, reporting, and best practices are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Career Adapt-Abilities Scale: Construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13 countries
Mark L. Savickas,Erik J. Porfeli +1 more
TL;DR: The Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS) as discussed by the authors is a psychometric scale to measure career adaptability, which consists of four scales, each with six items: concern, control, curiosity, and confidence.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error
Claes Fornell,David F. Larcker +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the statistical tests used in the analysis of structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error are examined, and a drawback of the commonly applied chi square test, in additit...
Journal ArticleDOI
Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit
Michael W. Browne,Robert Cudeck +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, two types of error involved in fitting a model are considered, error of approximation and error of fit, where the first involves the fit of the model, and the second involves the model's shape.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative fit indexes in structural models
TL;DR: A new coefficient is proposed to summarize the relative reduction in the noncentrality parameters of two nested models and two estimators of the coefficient yield new normed (CFI) and nonnormed (FI) fit indexes.
Book
Structural Equations with Latent Variables
TL;DR: The General Model, Part I: Latent Variable and Measurement Models Combined, Part II: Extensions, Part III: Extensions and Part IV: Confirmatory Factor Analysis as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures
TL;DR: In this article, a general null model based on modified independence among variables is proposed to provide an additional reference point for the statistical and scientific evaluation of covariance structure models, and the importance of supplementing statistical evaluation with incremental fit indices associated with the comparison of hierarchical models.