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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Evolution of cooperation on scale-free networks subject to error and attack

Matjaž Perc
- 25 Mar 2009 - 
- Vol. 11, Iss: 3, pp 033027
TLDR
In this article, the authors study the evolution of cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma and the snowdrift game on scale-free networks that are subjected to intentional and random removal of vertices.
Abstract
We study the evolution of cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma and the snowdrift game on scale-free networks that are subjected to intentional and random removal of vertices. We show that, irrespective of the game type, cooperation on scale-free networks is extremely robust against random deletion of vertices, but declines quickly if vertices with the maximal degree are targeted. In particular, attack tolerance is lowest if the temptation to defect is largest, whereby a small fraction of removed vertices suffices to decimate cooperators. The decline of cooperation can be directly linked to the decrease of heterogeneity of scale-free networks that sets in due to the removal of high degree vertices. We conclude that the evolution of cooperation is characterized by similar attack and error tolerance as was previously reported for information readiness and spread of viruses on scale-free networks.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Coevolutionary games--a mini review.

TL;DR: A review of recent works on evolutionary games incorporating coevolutionary rules, as well as a didactic description of potential pitfalls and misconceptions associated with the subject can be found in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI

Universal scaling for the dilemma strength in evolutionary games.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed new universal scaling parameters for the dilemma strength, and proved universality by showing that the conditions for an ESS and the expressions for the internal equilibriums in an infinite, well-mixed population subjected to any of the five reciprocity mechanisms depend only on the new scaling parameters.
Journal ArticleDOI

Interdependent network reciprocity in evolutionary games

TL;DR: It is shown that an unbiased coupling allows the spontaneous emergence of interdependent network reciprocity, which is capable to maintain healthy levels of public cooperation even in extremely adverse conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI

Evolution of public cooperation on interdependent networks: The impact of biased utility functions

TL;DR: It is found that the stronger the bias in the utility function, the higher the level of public cooperation and cooperation is promoted because the aggressive invasion of defectors is more sensitive to the slowing-down than the build-up of collective efforts in sizable groups.
Journal ArticleDOI

Heterogeneous aspirations promote cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma game.

TL;DR: The study indicates that heterogeneity in aspirations may be key for the sustainability of cooperation in structured populations and finds that for sufficiently positive values of there exist a robust intermediate for which cooperation thrives best.
References
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Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks

TL;DR: A model based on these two ingredients reproduces the observed stationary scale-free distributions, which indicates that the development of large networks is governed by robust self-organizing phenomena that go beyond the particulars of the individual systems.
Journal ArticleDOI

Statistical mechanics of complex networks

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple model based on the power-law degree distribution of real networks was proposed, which was able to reproduce the power law degree distribution in real networks and to capture the evolution of networks, not just their static topology.
Book

The Evolution of Cooperation

TL;DR: In this paper, a model based on the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy in the context of the Prisoner's Dilemma game was developed for cooperation in organisms, and the results of a computer tournament showed how cooperation based on reciprocity can get started in an asocial world, can thrive while interacting with a wide range of other strategies, and can resist invasion once fully established.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Structure and Function of Complex Networks

Mark Newman
- 01 Jan 2003 - 
TL;DR: Developments in this field are reviewed, including such concepts as the small-world effect, degree distributions, clustering, network correlations, random graph models, models of network growth and preferential attachment, and dynamical processes taking place on networks.
Journal ArticleDOI

Complex networks: Structure and dynamics

TL;DR: The major concepts and results recently achieved in the study of the structure and dynamics of complex networks are reviewed, and the relevant applications of these ideas in many different disciplines are summarized, ranging from nonlinear science to biology, from statistical mechanics to medicine and engineering.