Journal ArticleDOI
Extra-Legal Attributes and Criminal Sentencing: An Assessment of a Sociological Viewpoint
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TLDR
In the case of minority groups, Negroes, in comparison to whites, are convicted with lesser evidence and sentenced to more severe pulnishments as discussed by the authors, and the most obvious Pxanple of jidicial discretion occurs in the handling of cases of peisonl from minority groups.Abstract:
Obviously judicial decisions are not made uniformly. Decision are made according to a host of extra-legal factors, including the age of the offender, his race, and social class. Perhaps the most obvious Pxanple of jidicial discretion occurs in the handling of cases of peisonl from minority groups Negroes, in comparison to whites, are convicted with lesser evidence and sentenced to more severe pulnishments.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
An integration of theories to explain judicial discretion.
TL;DR: In this paper, an integration of work on uncertainty avoidance in decision-making with research on causal attribution in punishment is proposed, where the authors hypothesize that judges attempt to manage uncertainty by developing "patterned responses" that are the product of an attribution process involving assessments of the offender's likelihood of committing future crime.
Journal ArticleDOI
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Crime and Criminal Justice in the United States
TL;DR: Although racial discrimination emerges some of the time at some stages of criminal justice processing-such as juvenile justice-there is little evidence that racial disparities result from systematic, overt bias as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Sentencing: Evidence from the U.S. Federal Courts*
TL;DR: The authors examined 77,236 federal offenders who were sentenced under the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 and concluded that disparities are primarily generated by departures from the guidelines, rather than differential sentencing within the guidelines.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Labeling perspective and delinquency: An elaboration of the theory and an assessment of the evidence
TL;DR: The labeling theory of deviance was extremely popular during the 1960s and 1970s as discussed by the authors, however, the validity of the theory had fallen into question by 1980 and was pronounced dead by 1985.
Journal ArticleDOI
Racial Discrimination in Criminal Sentencing: A Critical Evaluation of the Evidence with Additional Evidence on the Death Penalty.
TL;DR: Reevaluation of published research on racial bias in criminal sentencing and of data on execution rates by race from 1930 to 1967 and on death-sentencing rates from 1967 to 1978 indicates that, except in the South, black homicide offenders have been less likely than whites to receive a death sentence or be executed as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Book
The Social Reality of Crime
TL;DR: The Social Reality of Crime as mentioned in this paper was a seminal work in the field of criminology and criminal justice. But it was not widely used in the criminal justice community until the 1990s.
Book
Sentencing as a human process
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of judges' mental processes involved in decision-making is presented, which is based on intensive interviews and on measures of the information-processing ability of seventy-one full-time judges in Ontario.
Related Papers (5)
Racial Discrimination in Criminal Sentencing: A Critical Evaluation of the Evidence with Additional Evidence on the Death Penalty.
The interaction of race, gender, and age in criminal sentencing: The punishment cost of being young, black, and male
Changing Conceptions of Race: Toward an Account of Anomalous Findings of Sentencing Research
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