Journal ArticleDOI
The Changing Forms of Racial/Ethnic Biases in Sentencing
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The authors traces findings from four historical waves of research on sentencing disparities and explores the change from findings of overt racial/ethnic disparities to more subtle, but still systematic, institutionalized biases.Abstract:
Racial/ethnic discrimination in criminal justice processing has been the subject of heated debate for several decades. This article traces findings from four historical waves of research on sentencing disparities. Particular attention is given to changes in research methodologies and data sources, the social contexts within which research has been conducted, and the various forms that bias can manifest. It explores the change from findings of overt racial/ethnic disparities to more subtle, but still systematic, institutionalized biases. In so doing, the movement toward determinate sentencing is discussed, and the biases identified are partially explained by the need for the system to maintain legitimacy in the face of social change.read more
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BookDOI
The growth of incarceration in the United States: exploring causes and consequences
TL;DR: Part of the courts, criminal law, criminal procedure, criminology, Law and Society Commons, Law Enforcement and Corrections Commons, Legislation Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, and the Race and Ethnicity Commons.
Journal ArticleDOI
The imprisonment penalty paid by young, unemployed black and hispanic male offenders
Cassia Spohn,David Holleran +1 more
TL;DR: This paper examined the intersections of the effects of race, gender, age, and age on sentence outcomes in three large urban jurisdictions, including Hispanics as well as blacks and test for interactions between ethnicity, age and gender.
Journal ArticleDOI
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Crime and Criminal Justice in the United States
TL;DR: Although racial discrimination emerges some of the time at some stages of criminal justice processing-such as juvenile justice-there is little evidence that racial disparities result from systematic, overt bias as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Influence of Afrocentric Facial Features in Criminal Sentencing
TL;DR: Analysis of a random sample of inmate records showed that Black and White inmates, given equivalent criminal histories, received roughly equivalent sentences, however, within each race, inmates with more Afrocentric features received harsher sentences than those with less Afrocultural features.
The Influence of Afrocentric Facial Features in Criminal
TL;DR: For example, this paper found that people with more Afrocentric facial features are more likely to have traits that are stereotypic of BlackAmericans compared with people with less Afro-centric features.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
An introduction to sample selection bias in sociological data.
TL;DR: White et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a critique and extencomsion of the blockmodeling approach and proposed a local blockmodel algebraic approach for roles and positions in networks of trade and economic interdependence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extra-Legal Attributes and Criminal Sentencing: An Assessment of a Sociological Viewpoint
TL;DR: In the case of minority groups, Negroes, in comparison to whites, are convicted with lesser evidence and sentenced to more severe pulnishments as discussed by the authors, and the most obvious Pxanple of jidicial discretion occurs in the handling of cases of peisonl from minority groups.
Journal ArticleDOI
Race and Involvement in Common Law Personal Crimes.
TL;DR: The authors found that most of the racial disproportionality in criminal justice processing data is attributed to the substantially greater involvement of blacks in the common law personal crimes of rape, robbery, and assault.
Journal ArticleDOI
Racial Discrimination in Criminal Sentencing: A Critical Evaluation of the Evidence with Additional Evidence on the Death Penalty.
TL;DR: Reevaluation of published research on racial bias in criminal sentencing and of data on execution rates by race from 1930 to 1967 and on death-sentencing rates from 1967 to 1978 indicates that, except in the South, black homicide offenders have been less likely than whites to receive a death sentence or be executed as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changing Conceptions of Race: Toward an Account of Anomalous Findings of Sentencing Research
Ruth D. Peterson,John Hagan +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of the effects of changing conceptions of race and drugs on sentencing outcomes during a modern anti-drug crusade is presented, and the results of this contextualized analysis allow us to make sense of otherwise anomalous findings and suggest that while there may be a trend toward equality in American criminal sentencing, there are also patterns of differential leniency and severity that can only be revealed when changing conceptions on race and crime are taken into account.
Related Papers (5)
The interaction of race, gender, and age in criminal sentencing: The punishment cost of being young, black, and male
The imprisonment penalty paid by young, unemployed black and hispanic male offenders
Cassia Spohn,David Holleran +1 more