Journal ArticleDOI
Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children with Anxiety Disorders
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TLDR
The high incidence of FGID symptoms in children with anxiety disorders warrants further research on whether gastrointestinal symptoms reduce following psychological treatments for childhood anxiety disorders, such as cognitive behavioural therapy.Abstract:
This study examined the incidence and correlates of functional gastrointestinal symptoms in children with anxiety disorders. Participants were 6–13 year old children diagnosed with one or more anxiety disorders (n = 54) and non-clinical control children (n = 51). Telephone diagnostic interviews were performed with parents to determine the presence and absence of anxiety disorders in children. Parents completed a questionnaire that elicited information about their child’s gastrointestinal symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders in children, as specified by the paediatric Rome criteria (Caplan et al., Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, 41, 296–304, 2005a). Parents and children also completed a symptom severity measure of anxiety. As expected, children with anxiety disorders were significantly more likely to have symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), compared to children without anxiety disorders. That is, 40.7 % of anxious children had symptoms of a FGID compared to 5.9 % of non-anxious control children. Children with anxiety disorders were significantly more likely to have symptoms of functional constipation, and showed a trend for a higher incidence of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms compared to non-anxious control children. Furthermore, higher anxiety symptom severity was characteristic of anxious children with symptoms of FGID, compared to anxious children without FGID symptoms and non-anxious control children. Also, children with anxiety disorders, regardless of FGID symptoms, were more likely to have a biological family member, particularly a parent or grandparent, with a gastrointestinal problem, compared to non-anxious control children. The high incidence of FGID symptoms in children with anxiety disorders warrants further research on whether gastrointestinal symptoms reduce following psychological treatments for childhood anxiety disorders, such as cognitive behavioural therapy.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Functional Disorders: Children and Adolescents.
TL;DR: In child/adolescent Rome IV the era of diagnosing a FGID only when organic disease has been excluded is waning, as evidence to support symptom-based diagnosis is waning and the dictum that there was no evidence for organic disease in all definitions is removed.
Journal Article
Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders
Annamaria Staiano,A. M. Ravelli,Domenico Simeone,M. Cinquetti,Salvatore Cucchiara,G. Magazzù,F. Indro,E. Miele,Giovanni Di Nardo,L. Pensabene +9 more
Abstract: This is the first attempt at defining criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. The decision-making process was as for adults and consisted of arriving at consensus, based on clinical experience. This paper is intended to be a quick reference. The classification system selected differs from the one used in the adult population in that it is organized according to main complaints instead of being organ-targeted. Because the child is still developing, some disorders such as toddler’s diarrhea (or functional diarrhea) are linked to certain physiologic stages; others may result from behavioral responses to sphincter function acquisition such as fecal retention; others will only be recognizable after the child is cognitively mature enough to report the symptoms (e.g., dyspepsia). Infant regurgitation, rumination, and cyclic vomiting constitute the vomiting disorders. Abdominal pain disorders are classified as: functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional abdominal pain, abdominal migraine, and aerophagia. Disorders of defecation include: infant dyschezia, functional constipation, functional fecal retention, and functional non-retentive fecal soiling. Some disorders, such as IBS and dyspepsia and functional abdominal pain, are exact replications of the adult criteria because there are enough data to confirm that they represent specific and similar disorders in pediatrics. Other disorders not included in the pediatric classification, such as functional biliary disorders, do occur in children; however, existing data are insufficient to warrant including them at the present time. For these disorders, it is suggested that, for the time being, clinicians refer to the criteria established for the adult population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional Abdominal Pain in Childhood and Long-term Vulnerability to Anxiety Disorders
Grace D. Shelby,Kezia C Shirkey,Amanda L. Sherman,Joy E. Beck,Kirsten L. Haman,Angela R. Shears,Sara N. Horst,Craig A. Smith,Judy Garber,Lynn S. Walker +9 more
TL;DR: Patients with FAP carry long-term vulnerability to anxiety that begins in childhood and persists into late adolescence and early adulthood, even if abdominal pain resolves.
Journal ArticleDOI
Childhood constipation as an emerging public health problem
Shaman Rajindrajith,Niranga Manjuri Devanarayana,Bonaventure Jayasiri Crispus Perera,Marc A. Benninga +3 more
TL;DR: The potential public health impact of FC is highlighted and the possibility of overcoming this problem by concentrating on modifiable risk factors rather than expending resources on high cost investigations and therapeutic modalities is highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis: What Role Does it Play in Autism Spectrum Disorder?
TL;DR: Signs of altered brain-gut interactions that are closely associated with functional GI disorders (FGIDs) commonly occur in children with ASD, and studies of microbiome in ASD suggest that changes in the gut microbiome may be associated with ASD and with GI disorders in children.
References
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Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
TL;DR: The concepts of power analysis are discussed in this paper, where Chi-square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables, t-Test for Means, and Sign Test are used.
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The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine.
TL;DR: It is argued that all medicine is in crisis and that medicine’s crisis derives from the same basic fault as psychiatry's, namely, adherence to a model of disease no longer adequate for the scientific tasks and social responsibilities of either medicine or psychiatry.