Journal ArticleDOI
Fungi vectored by the bark beetle Ips typographus following hibernation under the bark of standing trees and in the forest litter.
TLDR
The study demonstrated low frequencies of tree pathogenic fungi carried by I. typographus during its outbreaks and that the beetle does not require them to successfully attack and kill trees.Abstract:
The bark beetle Ips typographus has different hibernation environments, under the bark of standing trees or in the forest litter, which is likely to affect the beetle-associated fungal flora. We isolated fungi from beetles, standing I. typographus-attacked trees, and forest litter below the attacked trees. Fungal identification was done using cultural and molecular methods. The results of the two methods in detecting fungal species were compared. Fungal communities associated with I. typographus differed considerably depending on the hibernation environment. In addition to seven taxa of known ophiostomoid I. typographus-associated fungi, we detected 18 ascomycetes and anamorphic fungi, five wood-decaying basidomycetes, 11 yeasts, and four zygomycetes. Of those, 14 fungal taxa were detected exclusively from beetles that hibernated under bark, and six taxa were detected exclusively from beetles hibernating in forest litter. The spruce pathogen, Ceratocystis polonica, was detected occasionally in bark, while another spruce pathogen, Grosmannia europhioides, was detected more often from beetles hibernating under the bark as compared to litter. The identification method had a significant impact on which taxa were detected. Rapidly growing fungal taxa, e.g. Penicillium, Trichoderma, and Ophiostoma, dominated pure culture isolations; while yeasts dominated the communities detected using molecular methods. The study also demonstrated low frequencies of tree pathogenic fungi carried by I. typographus during its outbreaks and that the beetle does not require them to successfully attack and kill trees.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Wood decomposition as influenced by invertebrates
TL;DR: Whether, how and to what extent invertebrates affect wood decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems is examined and some taxa appear to be particularly influential with respect to promoting Wood decomposition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Population dynamics in changing environments: the case of an eruptive forest pest species
Kyrre Kausrud,Kyrre Kausrud,Bjørn Økland,Olav Skarpaas,Jean-Claude Grégoire,Nadir Erbilgin,Nils Chr. Stenseth +6 more
TL;DR: A large literature is now available, from which this review aims to synthesize research relevant for the population dynamics of I. typographus and co‐occurring species under changing conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long‐term priority effects among insects and fungi colonizing decaying wood
TL;DR: The study shows that variable priority effects may have long-lasting impact on community assembly in decaying wood, and exemplifies new possibilities for managing populations of threatened species by exploring links between early, well-understood species guilds and late, more poorly understood species Guilds.
Journal ArticleDOI
Necrobiome framework for bridging decomposition ecology of autotrophically and heterotrophically derived organic matter
M. Eric Benbow,Philip S. Barton,Michael D. Ulyshen,James C. Beasley,Travis L. DeVault,Michael S. Strickland,Jeffery K. Tomberlin,Heather R. Jordan,Jennifer L. Pechal +8 more
TL;DR: The Department of Entomology, AgBioResearch, the College of Osteopathic Medicine at Michigan State University provided funding to M. E. Benbow and J. C. Barton as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Natural regeneration in Central-European subalpine spruce forests: Which logs are suitable for seedling recruitment?
TL;DR: This study provides evidence that large logs originating from wind uprooting or butt rot infection are most appropriate for retention to promote natural spruce regeneration in managed subalpine spruce forests.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Stephen F. Altschul,Thomas L. Madden,Alejandro A. Schäffer,Jinghui Zhang,Zheng Zhang,Webb Miller,David J. Lipman +6 more
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Ecological Diversity and its Measurement
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define definitions of diversity and apply them to the problem of measuring species diversity, choosing an index and interpreting diversity measures, and applying them to structural and structural diversity.