Journal ArticleDOI
Gene activation during early development of mammals.
Ulrich Wolf,Wolfgang Engel +1 more
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The preimplantative stage of development has as yet not been studied extensively; most data were derived from the mouse and the rabbit and it is discussed whether cytoplasmic storage products take part in gene activation during this period of development.Abstract:
The preimplantative stage of development has as yet not been studied extensively; most data were derived from the mouse and the rabbit. In this article, the results on macromolecular synthesis during this period of development are summarized. In the beginning, the embryonic genome is apparently genetically inactive; early development is governed by maternal storage products transmitted through the egg cytoplasm. Activation of embryonic genes occurs step-wise, with the protein synthesizing apparatus being produced first. Synthesis of individual proteins (enzymes) coded for by embryonic genes apparently in general does not start before the middle blastocyst stage, shortly before implantation. It is discussed whether cytoplasmic storage products take part in gene activation during this period.read more
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The influence of inactive chromosomes on human development. Anomalous sex chromosome complements and the phenotype.
Peter W. Barlow,Peter W. Barlow +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence that heterochromatic X and Y chromosomes can slow down the mitotic cycle of cells in culture is presented and it is proposed that some of the effects extraX and Y chromosome have on the phenotype may be related to a reduced rate of cell division during development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gene expression and macromolecular synthesis during preimplantation embryonic development.
TL;DR: The available information indicates that all stages of preimplantation mammalian development are affected by the genetic activity of the embryo itself, and the major point to be considered will be the role of embryonic gene action in governing early mammalian development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Activation of mouse ribosomal RNA genes at the 2-cell stage.
TL;DR: Silver-staining results indicate that during mouse embryogenesis ribosomal RNA genes start to function at the 2-cell stage, which supports the view that the polar body genome remains inactive.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preferential X inactivation in human placenta membranes: Is the paternal X inactive in early embryonic development of female mammals?
TL;DR: Preerential expression of the maternal X chromosome, as has been shown in marsupials and in extraembryonic membranes of rodents and now in man, may reflect the state of activity of the X chromosomes in the early stages of female embryonic development.
Journal ArticleDOI
The expression of β-glucuronidase during preimplantation development of mouse embryos☆
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that paternal genes were expressed during the 100-fold increase in activity and that embryonic genes may be functioning between 30 and 60 hr of development.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gene Action in the X -chromosome of the Mouse ( Mus musculus L.)
TL;DR: Ohno and Hauschka1 showed that in female mice one chromosome of mammary carcinoma cells and of normal diploid cells of the ovary, mammary gland and liver was heteropyKnotic and suggested that the so-called sex chromatin was composed of one heteropyknotic X-chromosome.
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Starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes—A compilation of recipes
Charles R. Shaw,Rupi Prasad +1 more
TL;DR: Most of the methods outlined here have been used primarily for tissue extracts from mammalian species, and a few have been developed only on plants or lower animals, but this is not to say that they will not work on higher organisms.
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The normal human female as a mosaic of x-chromosome activity: studies using the gene for g-6-pd-deficiency as a marker
TL;DR: It seems necessary to assume that there is, at least for some period of time during development, randomization of the active and inactive chromosome among the dividing cells of the body.
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A method for in vitro cultivation of mouse ova from two-cell to blastocyst.
TL;DR: A method for relatively large-scale in vitro experiments on the early cleavage divisions of the mouse embryo has been developed in this laboratory and is now being used in several types of study.
Journal ArticleDOI
Selective effects of actinomycin D on the intracellular distribution of RNA synthesis in tissue culture cells
TL;DR: The intracellular pattern of RNA synthesis in tissue culture cells is altered in a well defined way by treatment with low concentrations of actinomycin D, consistent with the hypothesis that the stable elements of ribosomal RNA are derived from the nucleolar region of the nucleus.