Genesis of hexavalent chromium from natural sources in soil and groundwater
TLDR
It is demonstrated that Cr(III) within ultramafic- and serpentinite-derived soils/sediments can be oxidized and dissolved through natural processes, leading to hazardous levels of aqueous Cr(VI) in surface and groundwater.Abstract:
Naturally occurring Cr(VI) has recently been reported in ground and surface waters. Rock strata rich in Cr(III)-bearing minerals, in particular chromite, are universally found in these areas that occur near convergent plate margins. Here we report experiments demonstrating accelerated dissolution of chromite and subsequent oxidation of Cr(III) to aqueous Cr(VI) in the presence of birnessite, a common manganese mineral, explaining the generation of Cr(VI) by a Cr(III)-bearing mineral considered geochemically inert. Our results demonstrate that Cr(III) within ultramafic- and serpentinite-derived soils/sediments can be oxidized and dissolved through natural processes, leading to hazardous levels of aqueous Cr(VI) in surface and groundwater.read more
Citations
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Heavy metals in soils : trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailability
TL;DR: In this article, the authors defined the sources of heavy metals and metalloids in Soils and derived methods for the determination of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in soil.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chromium in drinking water: sources, metabolism, and cancer risks.
TL;DR: Bioavailability results and kinetic considerations suggest that 10–20% of ingested low-dose Cr(VI) escapes human gastric inactivation, and the incompleteness of gastric detoxification argue against a threshold in low- dose extrapolation of cancer risk for ingested Cr( VI).
Journal ArticleDOI
Aquatic surface chemistry: Edited by Werner Stumm. Wiley, New York. 1987. $69.95 (ISBN 0471822951)
Journal ArticleDOI
Fluctuations in Precambrian atmospheric oxygenation recorded by chromium isotopes
TL;DR: The findings suggest that the Great Oxidation Event did not lead to a unidirectional stepwise increase in atmospheric oxygen, and strong positive fractionations in Cr isotopes in the late Neoproterozoic era provide independent support for increased surface oxygenation at that time, which may have stimulated rapid evolution of macroscopic multicellular life.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atmospheric oxygenation three billion years ago
Sean A. Crowe,L. N. Dossing,L. N. Dossing,Nicolas J. Beukes,Michael Bau,Stefanus J. Kruger,Robert Frei,Donald E. Canfield +7 more
TL;DR: The findings suggest that there were appreciable levels of atmospheric oxygen about 3 billion years ago, more than 600 million years before the Great Oxidation Event and some 300–400 million years earlier than previous indications for Earth surface oxygenation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ferrozine---a new spectrophotometric reagent for iron
TL;DR: The ferroin group has been known to react as bidentate ligands with certain metal ions such as ferrous, cuprous, and cobaltous, to give colored complex species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aquatic Surface Chemistry: Chemical Processes at the Particle-Water Interface
Journal ArticleDOI
Aquatic surface chemistry: Edited by Werner Stumm. Wiley, New York. 1987. $69.95 (ISBN 0471822951)
Book
Chromium in the natural and human environments
Jerome O. Nriagu,Evert Nieboer +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, Nieboer et al. studied the effect of Chromium toxicity on algae and bacteria in aquatic habitats and found that Chromium is toxic to algae and Bacteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
Behavior of Chromium in Soils: III. Oxidation
TL;DR: In this article, it was found that added trivalent Cr oxidizes readily to the hexavalent form under conditions prevalent in many field soils and the key to the oxidation appears to be the presence in the soil of oxidized Mn, which serves as the electron acceptor in the reaction.
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