GM-CSF Fails to Improve Immune Responses to Booster Hepatitis B Vaccination in HIV-Infected Individuals
Edgar T. Overton,Somnuek Sungkanuparph,Michael K. Klebert,Michael Royal,Debra Demarco-Shaw,William G. Powderly,Judith A. Aberg +6 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors randomized 60 HIV-infected subjects to receive a booster dose of HBV vaccine with 250mcg GM-CSF as an adjuvant or booster vaccine alone.Abstract:
Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination is an important preventive intervention for HIV-infected population. Data regarding booster HBV vaccine for persons with low HBV surface antibody (sAb) titers after vaccination in this immunocompromised population is lacking. Methods: We randomized 60 HIV-infected subjects lacking HBV protection after completion of 3 doses of HBV vaccine to receive a booster dose of HBV vaccine with 250mcg GM-CSF as an adjuvant or booster vaccine alone. Results: GM-CSF was safe with expected side effects. However, only 35% of persons receiving GM-CSF developed protective sAb while 50% in vaccine only arm developed protection (P = 0.47). Overall, only 28% of subjects maintained protective sAb 1 year after vaccination. Conclusions: GM-CSF failed to improve responses to the booster HBV vaccination. Overall, response was poor with only 42% of persons responding at one month post-vaccination confirming booster vaccination with the current HBV vaccine has poor immunogenicity among HIV-infected persons. Further research is needed to develop optimal vaccination strategies in HIV-infected persons.read more
Citations
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Hepatitis B virus coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: A review
TL;DR: To reduce the disease burden of HBV infection among HIV-infected patients, adoption of safe sex practices, avoidance of sharing needles and diluent, HBV vaccination and use of cART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine or lamivudine are the most effective approaches.
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Cytokine-Mediated Immunopathogenesis of Hepatitis B Virus Infections
TL;DR: Recent advances on the roles of various cytokines in different phases ofHBV infection and cytokine-related mechanisms for impaired viral control and liver damage during HBV infection are discussed, and experimental therapeutic applications of cytokines are focused on to gain a better understanding of this newly emerging aspect of disease pathogenesis.
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Hepatitis B and A vaccination in HIV-infected adults: A review
TL;DR: The duration of the response to both HBV and HAV vaccines is associated with suppression of the viral load at vaccination and, in the case of HBV vaccination, with a higher level of antibodies after vaccination.
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Hepatitis B virus vaccination in HIV-infected people: A review.
TL;DR: It is shown that reinforced 40µg intramuscular HBV vaccination schedules are now frequently recommended, either initially in people never vaccinated, or in the lack of an anamnestic response in other situations.
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Unsolved problems and future perspectives of hepatitis B virus vaccination
Kazuto Tajiri,Yukihiro Shimizu +1 more
TL;DR: The necessity, timing and method of booster vaccination in responders with decreased anti-HBs responses, and effective vaccination against S-mutant HBV, are issues requiring resolution in the global prevention of HBV infection.
References
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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Viral Markers Among Freshmen — 20 Years After Mass Hepatitis B Vaccination Program in Taiwan
TL;DR: The seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen continued to decline 20 years after neonatal hepatitis B vaccination program in Taiwan, and it is strongly recommended that those who have a family history of hepatitisB should receive early check-up of liver disease status after complete vaccination or closely follow up their hepatitis B status after Neonatal hepatitisB vaccination.
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Fatal hepatitis B infection despite immunization in an HIV-infected infant: a possible case of vaccine failure and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
TL;DR: A case of hepatitis B immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an 8-month-old girl with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection is reported.
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Acute hepatitis B virus infection despite previous immunization in the context of recent HIV-1 infection.
TL;DR: A case of acute HBV infection in the context of recent HIV-1 infection despite previous immunization and high HBsAb titres is reported, and the authors could not assess whether vaccine escape could be an explanation for postvaccinationHBV infection.