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Hepatitis B virus coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: A review

TLDR
To reduce the disease burden of HBV infection among HIV-infected patients, adoption of safe sex practices, avoidance of sharing needles and diluent, HBV vaccination and use of cART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine or lamivudine are the most effective approaches.
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Due to the shared modes of transmission, coinfection with HBV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not uncommon. It is estimated that 10% of HIV-infected patients worldwide are coinfected with HBV. In areas where an HBV vaccination program is implemented, the HBV seroprevalence has declined significantly. In HIV/HBV-coinfected patients, HBV coinfection accelerates immunologic and clinical progression of HIV infection and increases the risk of hepatotoxicity when combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is initiated, while HIV infection increases the risk of hepatitis events, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease related to chronic HBV infection. With the advances in antiviral therapy, concurrent, successful long-term suppression of HIV and HBV replication can be achieved in the cART era. To reduce the disease burden of HBV infection among HIV-infected patients, adoption of safe sex practices, avoidance of sharing needles and diluent, HBV vaccination and use of cART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine or lamivudine are the most effective approaches. However, due to HIV-related immunosuppression, using increased doses of HBV vaccine and novel approaches to HBV vaccination are needed to improve the immunogenicity of HBV vaccine among HIV-infected patients.

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Journal Article

Major role of hepatitis B genotypes in liver fibrosis during coinfection with HIV. Commentary

TL;DR: In this article, a cross-sectional analysis examined common characteristics of hepatitis B virus infection in an ongoing cohort study of 308 patients with both HIV-1-positive Western blot and plasma HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity.
Journal ArticleDOI

Contributions of traditional and HIV-related risk factors on non-AIDS-defining cancer, myocardial infarction, and end-stage liver and renal diseases in adults with HIV in the USA and Canada: a collaboration of cohort studies

TL;DR: The substantial proportion of non-AIDS-defining cancers, myocardial infarction, end-stage liver disease, and end-Stage renal disease outcomes that could be prevented with interventions on traditional risk factors elevates the importance of screening for these risk factors.
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Hepatitis B and A vaccination in HIV-infected adults: A review

TL;DR: The duration of the response to both HBV and HAV vaccines is associated with suppression of the viral load at vaccination and, in the case of HBV vaccination, with a higher level of antibodies after vaccination.
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Aging with HIV in the ART era

TL;DR: This review hopes to describe the current comorbidities occurring among PLWH and bring increased awareness for conditions that may otherwise not be considered given the younger age at time of presentation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level.

TL;DR: Elevated serum HBV DNA level (> or =10,000 copies/mL) is a strong risk predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma independent of HBeAg, serum alanine aminotransferase level, and liver cirrhosis.
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TL;DR: This review addresses many aspects of HBV infection, including the role of the immune system in determining the outcome of clinical infection, recent developments in molecular studies of the virus, and new treatments capable of eradicating chronic infection.
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Chronic hepatitis B: Update 2009

TL;DR: The 2009 update of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Practice Guidelines for Management of Chronic Hepatitis B is now posted online at www.aasld.org, and the recommendation for first-line oral antiviral medications has been changed to tenofovir or entecavir, and adefovir has been moved to second-line Oral antiviral medication.
Journal ArticleDOI

Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children. Taiwan Childhood Hepatoma Study Group.

TL;DR: The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children in Taiwan from 1981 to 1994 has declined since the institution of Taiwan's program of universal hepatitis B vaccination, and the corresponding rates of mortality have decreased.
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