Journal ArticleDOI
Haloacetonitriles vs. Regulated Haloacetic Acids: Are Nitrogen-Containing DBPs More Toxic?
Mark G. Muellner,Elizabeth D. Wagner,Kristin Mccalla,Susan D. Richardson,Yin Tak Woo,Michael J. Plewa +5 more
TLDR
Using microplate-based Chinese hamster ovary cell assays for chronic cytotoxicity and acute genotoxicity, HANs were analyzed and the rank order of declining genotoxic rank order was IAN > BAN approximately DBAN > BCAN > CAN > TCAN > DCAN.Abstract:
Haloacetonitriles (HANs) are toxic nitrogenous drinking water disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) and are observed with chlorine, chloramine, or chlorine dioxide disinfection. Using microplate-based Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell assays for chronic cytotoxicity and acute genotoxicity, we analyzed 7 HANs: iodoacetonitrile (IAN), bromoacetonitrile (BAN), dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN), bromochloroacetonitrile (BCAN), chloroacetonitrile (CAN), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), and trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN). The cytotoxic potency (%C1/2 values) ranged from 2.8 μM (DBAN) to 0.16 mM (TCAN), with a descending rank order of DBAN > IAN ≈ BAN > BCAN > DCAN > CAN > TCAN. HANs induced acute genomic DNA damage; the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) genotoxicity potency ranged from 37 μM (IAN) to 2.7 mM (DCAN). The rank order of declining genotoxicity was IAN > BAN ≈ DBAN > BCAN > CAN > TCAN > DCAN. The accompanying structure−activity analysis of these HANs was in general agreement with the genotoxicity rank order. Thes...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades
Mark A. Shannon,Paul W. Bohn,Paul W. Bohn,Menachem Elimelech,Menachem Elimelech,John G. Georgiadis,Benito J. Mariñas,Anne M. Mayes,Anne M. Mayes +8 more
TL;DR: Some of the science and technology being developed to improve the disinfection and decontamination of water, as well as efforts to increase water supplies through the safe re-use of wastewater and efficient desalination of sea and brackish water are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in drinking water: a review and roadmap for research.
TL;DR: The brominated DBPs were the most genotoxic of all but have not been tested for carcinogenicity and highlighted the emerging importance of dermal/inhalation exposure to the THMs, or possibly other DBPs, and the role of genotype for risk for drinking-water-associated bladder cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Halonitroalkanes, Halonitriles, Haloamides, and N-Nitrosamines: A Critical Review of Nitrogenous Disinfection Byproduct Formation Pathways
Amisha D. Shah,William A. Mitch +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the formation pathways for nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) associated with chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, UV, and chloramine disinfection are critically reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrence and mammalian cell toxicity of iodinated disinfection byproducts in drinking water.
Susan D. Richardson,Francesca Fasano,J. Jackson Ellington,F. Gene Crumley,Katherine M. Buettner,John J. Evans,Benjamin C. Blount,Lalith K. Silva,Tim J. Waite,George W. Luther,A. Bruce McKague,Richard J. Miltner,Elizabeth D. Wagner,Michael J. Plewa +13 more
TL;DR: In general, compounds that contain an iodo-group have enhanced mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity as compared to their brominated and chlorinated analogues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrence, Synthesis, and Mammalian Cell Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Haloacetamides: An Emerging Class of Nitrogenous Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts
Michael J. Plewa,Mark G. Muellner,Susan D. Richardson,Francesca Fasano,Katherine M. Buettner,Yin Tak Woo,A. Bruce McKague,Elizabeth D. Wagner +7 more
TL;DR: With the exception of brominated trihaloacetamides, most of the toxicity rank order was consistent with structure-activity relationship expectations and the presence of at least one good leaving halogen group appears to be critical for significant toxic activity.
References
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Book
Statistics for experimenters. An introduction to design, data analysis, and model building.
TL;DR: This paper used external reference distribution to compare two means and compared more than two treatment means, and compared the effects of different means and treatments in the United States of America, using the Declaration of Independence as an example.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistics for Experimenters: An Introduction to Design, Data Analysis, and Model Building
Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrence of a New Generation of Disinfection Byproducts
Stuart W. Krasner,Howard S. Weinberg,Susan D. Richardson,Salvador J. Pastor,Russell Chinn,Michael J. Sclimenti,Gretchen D. Onstad,Alfred D. Thruston +7 more
TL;DR: A survey of disinfection byproduct (DBP) occurrence in the United States was conducted at 12 drinking water treatment plants to obtain quantitative occurrence information for new DBPs (beyond those currently regulated and/or studied) for prioritizing future health effects studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
The occurrence of disinfection by-products in US drinking water
Stuart W. Krasner,Michael J. McGuire,Joseph G. Jacangelo,Nancy L. Patania,Kevin M. Reagan,E. Marco Aieta +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, data were gathered on the presence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water and on the impact of treatment processes on DBP formation and control.
Journal ArticleDOI
Halonitromethane drinking water disinfection byproducts: chemical characterization and mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.
Michael J. Plewa,Elizabeth D. Wagner,Paulina Jazwierska,Susan D. Richardson,Paul H. Chen,A. Bruce McKague +5 more
TL;DR: This research demonstrated the integration of the procedures for the analytical chemistry and analytical biology when working with limited amounts of sample and found the brominated nitromethanes were more cytotoxic and genotoxic than their chlorinated analogues.