Heat detection techniques in cattle and buffalo.

TLDR: The need of the hour is critical observation of dairy herd to reduce incidence of unnoticed estrus, because estrus detection alone contributes considerably to reproductive status of the herd.

Abstract: Proper heat detection to achieve appropriate timing of insemination is the biggest restriction in attaining high conception rate in dairy herd. The estrus detection is the key issue to be considered on priority basis. Inefficient heat detection reduces the fertility status of herd. Interventions in existing management practices in farm can manifest estrus with clarity. Manifestation of estrus is due to effect of estrogen on Central Nervous System (CNS). The standing to be ridden is the best reliable sign of estrus. Ovulation time is well estimated by standing heat. Different factors are responsible which affect estrous behavior, out of which feeding and management interventions are one of the most important factors. For improving efficiency of heat detection in animal visual observation is best method, if it is done thrice a day for 30 minutes every time. However heat detection aids, if used in combination give better results as compared to visual observation. The progesterone (P4) estimation in milk and ultrasound monitoring of ovary and reproductive tracts for estimation of ovulation time are other important methods. Ovulation is very important point in dairy reproduction management. The optimum time for insemination is before the actual ovulation. It is already established that, estrus detection alone contributes considerably to reproductive status of the herd, therefore the need of the hour is critical observation of dairy herd to reduce incidence of unnoticed estrus.