Heritable genetic variation and potential for adaptive evolution in asexual aphids (Aphidoidea)
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In this paper, the authors focus on aphid lineages that reproduce entirely parthenogenetically (asexual aphids), in contrast to those that have any sexual forms in the annual cycle.Abstract:
Aphid life cycles can encompass cyclical parthenogenesis, obligate parthenogenesis, obligate parthenogenesis with male production and an intermediate 'bet-hedging' strategy where an aphid genotype will over-winter by continuing to reproduce by parthenogenesis and by investment in sexually produced eggs. In this paper, we focus on aphid lineages that reproduce entirely parthenogenetically (asexual aphids), in contrast to those that have any sexual forms in the annual cycle. Using modern molecular techniques, aphid biologists have made many empirical observations showing that asexual lineages are widespread both geographically and temporally. Indeed, we are collectively beginning to gather data on the evolution and persistence of these lineages through time. Here we review aphid karyology and parthenogenesis, both essential for interpretation of the molecular and ecological evolution of aphid asexual lineages. We describe the growing list of studies that have identified aphid genotypes that are both temporally and geographically widespread. We then collate examples of molecular and chromosomal evolution in asexual aphids and review the literature pertaining to phenotypic evolution and ecological diversification of asexual aphid lineages. In addition, we briefly discuss the potential of bacterial endosyinbionts and epigenetic effects to influence the evolution of asexual aphid lineages. Lastly we provide a list of aphid taxa believed to be obligately asexual. This will be a useful resource for those seeking parthenogenetic animals as study systems. In conclusion, we present guidelines for the use of the term clone in aphid biology and stress the need for well-designed and well-executed studies examining the potential of asexual aphid lineages for adaptive evolution.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic variability and adaptive evolution in parthenogenetic root-knot nematodes.
TL;DR: RKN provide an excellent model system in which to study the dynamic nature and adaptive potential of clonal genomes, and the molecular and chromosomal mechanisms that could contribute to genome plasticity leading to persistent genetic variation and adaptive evolution in apomictic RKN are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Insecticide resistance mechanisms in the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) I: A transcriptomic survey.
Andrea X. Silva,Georg Jander,Horacio Samaniego,Horacio Samaniego,John S Ramsey,Christian C. Figueroa +5 more
TL;DR: This study suggests strongly that insecticide resistance in M. persicae is more complex that has been described, with the participation of a broad array of resistance mechanisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmentally related patterns of reproductive modes in the aphid Myzus persicae and the predominance of two ‘superclones’ in Victoria, Australia
TL;DR: Interestingly, obligate parthenogens were, on average, more heterozygous and exhibited larger allele size differences between the two alleles at individual loci than cyclical parthenogenesis, which may reflect the previously proposed model of biased mutational divergence of microsatellite alleles within asexual aphid lineages.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecological specialization of the aphid Aphis gossypii Glover on cultivated host plants.
Jérôme Carletto,Eric Lombaert,P. Chavigny,Thierry Brévault,Laurent Lapchin,Flavie Vanlerberghe-Masutti +5 more
TL;DR: Both genetic and experimental data suggested that plants of the genus Hibiscus may be used as refuge for the specialized clones of A. gossypii, suggesting the existence of host‐associated trade‐offs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cross-species amplification of microsatellite loci in aphids: assessment and application
Alex C.C. Wilson,Alex C.C. Wilson,Blandine Massonnet,Blandine Massonnet,Jean-Christophe Simon,N. Prunier-Leterme,Lotfali Dolatti,Kate S. Llewellyn,Christian C. Figueroa,Claudio C. Ramírez,Roger L. Blackman,Arnaud Estoup,Paul Sunnucks,Paul Sunnucks +13 more
TL;DR: The results show cross-species application of known microsatellite loci is a highly promising source of codominant markers for population genetic and evolutionary studies in aphids.
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