Journal ArticleDOI
Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Injury and Loss of Winter Wheat Grain Yield and Quality
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Gain thresholds indicated that, depending on commodity price, an application of a systemic insecticide at planting provided positive marginal returns for 68–74% of plot-years on susceptible cultivars but only provided positive returns for 23–27% of plotting years on resistant cultivars.Abstract:
The damage–yield-loss relationships of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor Say, in soft red winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., were examined using results of studies on Hessian fly management and yield loss that were conducted over a 9-yr period with various cultivars and planting times and at various locations in Georgia. Differences in grain yield and test weight of susceptible and resistant cultivars with or without a systemic insecticide (disulfoton or phorate) at planting were compared with the percentage of infested tillers in autumn (vegetative stage) and the percentage of infested stems or the number of immatures per stem in spring during grain filling. Grain yield loss increased linearly with increasing percentage of autumn-infested tillers and spring-infested stems. Infestations had little effect on grain test weight until infestations exceeded 20% of autumn-infested tillers or 38% of spring-infested stems. Grain yield and test weight losses were exponentially related to number of immatures per stem during grain filling, with proportionate loss increasing as immature numbers increased up to 6 immatures per stem. Analysis of grain yield components of headed stems found that injury reduced seeds per spike, spikelets per spike, seeds per spikelet, and seed weight. Gain thresholds indicated that, depending on commodity price, an application of a systemic insecticide at planting provided positive marginal returns for 68–74% of plot-years ( n = 50) on susceptible cultivars but only provided positive returns for 23–27% of plot-years ( n = 26) on resistant cultivars. Depending on control cost, economic damage occurred when autumn infestations exceeded 5–8% of infested tillers or when spring infestations exceeded 13–20% of infested stems, or 0.4–1.0 immatures per stem. These results provide a quantitative basis for Hessian fly damage loss assessment in wheat.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gall midges (Hessian flies) as plant pathogens.
TL;DR: Findings suggest that the Hessian fly, and other gall midges, may be considered biotrophic, or hemibiotrophic, plant pathogens, and they demonstrate the potential that the wheat-HF interaction has in the study of insect-induced plant gall formation.
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Interrelationships of Food Safety and Plant Pathology: The Life Cycle of Human Pathogens on Plants
TL;DR: The life of human pathogens outside an animal host is highlighted, focusing on the role of plants, and areas that are ripe for future investigation are illustrated.
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Antioxidant defense response in a galling insect
TL;DR: Increased mRNA levels in Hessian fly larvae reflect responses to ROS encountered by larvae while feeding on resistant wheat seedlings and/or ROS generated endogenously in larvae because of stress/starvation, and may be applicable to other insect/plant interactions.
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Genetic characterization and molecular mapping of a Hessian fly-resistance gene transferred from T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum to common wheat
TL;DR: The results suggested that Hdic is either a new gene or a novel allele of a known H gene on chromosome 1A, which makes it valuable for developing Hf resistant wheat cultivars.
Journal ArticleDOI
A group of related cDNAs encoding secreted proteins from Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] salivary glands.
TL;DR: A group of cDNAs has been isolated and characterized from Hessian fly salivary glands and appear to encode proteins with secretion signal peptides at the N‐terminals, indicating a strong selection for mutations that generate amino acid changes within the coding region.