Book ChapterDOI
Identity of the rhizotoxic aluminium species
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TLDR
In this article, it was shown that polycationic Al (charge > 2) is rhizotoxic as are other polyvalent cations, and that the identity and activities of the Al species contacting the cell surfaces are uncertain because of the H+ currents through the root surface and because of surface charges.Abstract:
The aluminium (III) released from soil minerals to the soil solution under acid conditions may appear as hexaaquaaluminium (Al(H2O) 6 3+ , or Al3+ for convenience) or may react with available ligands to form additional chemical species. That one or more of these species is rhizotoxic (inhibitory to root elongation) has been known for many decades, but the identity of the toxic species remains problematical for the following reasons. 1. Several Al species coexist in solution so individual species cannot be investigated in isolation, even in artificial culture media. 2. The activities of individual species must be calculated from equilibrium data that may be uncertain. 3. The unexpected or undetected appearance of the extremely toxic triskaidekaaluminium (AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O) 12 7+ or Al13) may cause misattribution of toxicity to other species, especially to mononuclear hydroxy-Al. 4. If H+ ameliorates Al toxicity, or vice versa, then mononuclear hydroxy-Al may appear to be toxic when it is not. 5. The identity and activities of the Al species contacting the cell surfaces are uncertain because of the H+ currents through the root surface and because of surface charges. This article considers the implications of these problems for good experimental designs and critically evaluates current information regarding the relative toxicities of selected Al species. It is concluded that polycationic Al (charge >2) is rhizotoxic as are other polyvalent cations.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
How do crop plants tolerate acid soils? Mechanisms of aluminum tolerance and phosphorous efficiency.
TL;DR: This review examines the current understanding of the physiological, genetic, and molecular basis for crop Al tolerance, as well as reviews the emerging area of P efficiency, which involves the genetically based ability of some crop genotypes to tolerate P deficiency stress on acid soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aluminum Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants
Emmanuel Delhaize,Peter R. Ryan +1 more
TL;DR: Recent progress that has been made in the understanding of Al toxicity and the mechanisms of Al tolerance in plants are reviewed.
Book ChapterDOI
The physiology, genetics and molecular biology of plant aluminum resistance and toxicity.
TL;DR: The identification and characterization of Al resistance genes will not only greatly advance the understanding of Al-resistance mechanisms, but will be the source of new molecular resources that researchers will use to develop improved crops better suited for cultivation on acid soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Amelioration of Al toxicity and P deficiency in acid soils by additions of organic residues: a critical review of the phenomenon and the mechanisms involved
Richard J. Haynes,Mokolobate +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated overview of the probable mechanisms responsible and their implications is presented and discussed, and the practical implication of the processes discussed is that organic residues could be used as a strategic tool to reduce the rates of lime and fertilizer P required for optimum crop production on acidic, P-fixing soils.
References
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Book
The Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants
M. H. Martin,H. Marschner +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the relationship between Mineral Nutrition and Plant Diseases and Pests, and the Soil-Root Interface (Rhizosphere) in Relation to Mineral Nutrition.
Book
Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relationship between mineral nutrition and plant diseases and pests, and diagnose deficiency and toxicity of mineral nutrients in leaves and other aerial parts of a plant.
Book
Chemical equilibria in soils
TL;DR: In this paper, Chemical equilibria in soils, chemical equilibrium in soil, Chemical equilibrium in soils, مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اشعر رسانی, ک-شاouرزی
Book
The Environmental Chemistry of Aluminum
TL;DR: The Quantitation of Aqueous Aluminum, P.R. Bloom and M.S.W. Sikora as discussed by the authors, P.M. Bertsch and D.R., D.S., M.W., and P.m. Walthall The Chemistry of Aluminum in Surface Waters, C.T. Driscoll and K.H. Postek Aluminum Geochemistry at the Catchment Scale in Watersheds Influenced by Acidic Precipitation, W.L. Davis, and J.J.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of Organic Acids on Aluminum Toxicity in Subsoils
TL;DR: In this article, short-chain, carboxylic acids can be divided into three groups as Al detoxifiers: strong (citric, oxalic, tartaric), moderate (malic, malonic, salicylic), and weak (succinic, lactic, formic, acetic, phthalic).