Journal ArticleDOI
Impacts and Responses to the 1995 Heat Wave: A Call to Action
TLDR
The 1995 Chicago heat wave caused 830 deaths, with 525 of these deaths in Chicago as discussed by the authors, and many factors were at fault, including an inadequate local heat wave warning system, power failures, questionable death assessments, inadequate ambulance service and hospital facilities, the heat island, an aging population, and the inability of many persons to properly ventilate their residences due to fear of crime or a lack of resources for fans or air conditioning.Abstract:
The short but intense heat wave in mid-July 1995 caused 830 deaths nationally, with 525 of these deaths in Chicago. Many of the dead were elderly, and the event raised great concern over why it happened. Assessment of causes for the heat wave–related deaths in Chicago revealed many factors were at fault, including an inadequate local heat wave warning system, power failures, questionable death assessments, inadequate ambulance service and hospital facilities, the heat island, an aging population, and the inability of many persons to properly ventilate their residences due to fear of crime or a lack of resources for fans or air conditioning. Heat-related deaths appear to be on the increase in the United States. Heat-related deaths greatly exceed those caused by other life-threatening weather conditions. Analysis of the impacts and responses to this heat wave reveals a need to 1) define the heat island conditions during heat waves for all major cities as a means to improve forecasts of threatening condition...read more
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Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts
David R. Easterling,Gerald A. Meehl,Camille Parmesan,Stanley A. Changnon,Thomas R. Karl,Linda O. Mearns +5 more
TL;DR: Results of observational studies suggest that in many areas that have been analyzed, changes in total precipitation are amplified at the tails, and changes in some temperature extremes have been observed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observed Variability and Trends in Extreme Climate Events: A Brief Review
David R. Easterling,Jenni L. Evans,P. Ya. Groisman,Thomas R. Karl,Kenneth E. Kunkel,P Ambenje +5 more
TL;DR: In some areas of the world increases in extreme events are apparent, while in others there appears to be a decline as mentioned in this paper, and this information increased ability to monitor and detect multidecadal variations and trends is critical to begin to detect any observed changes and understand their origins.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review on the generation, determination and mitigation of Urban Heat Island
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the literature available in this area includes the latest research approaches, concepts, methodologies, latest investigation tools and mitigation measures and concluded that the future research should be focused on design and planning parameters for reducing the effects of urban heat island and ultimately living in a better environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Consistent geographical patterns of changes in high-impact European heatwaves
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of high-resolution regional climate simulations reveals consistent geographical patterns in these changes, with the most severe health impacts in southern European river basins and along the Mediterranean coasts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Computational Fluid Dynamics for urban physics: Importance, scales, possibilities, limitations and ten tips and tricks towards accurate and reliable simulations
TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of urban physics related to the grand societal challenges is described, after which the spatial and temporal scales in urban physics and the associated model categories are outlined.
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