Journal ArticleDOI
In search of the Seven Dwarves: issues of measurement and meaning in alcohol expectancy research
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In this paper, the authors discuss substantive issues in predicting drinking patterns from expectancies, as well as issues of content and measurement of the scales developed to measure these expectancies and discuss the potential contributions from other areas of research in psychology.Abstract:
Discusses substantive issues in predicting drinking patterns from expectancies, as well as issues of content and measurement of the scales developed to measure these expectancies. In recent years, much research has suggested that alcohol expectancies--or the beliefs that individuals hold about the effects of alcohol on their behavior, moods, and emotions--are an important factor in motivating drinking behavior. Although measures of these expectancies have consistently been shown to be correlated with measures of alcohol use, conceptual and methodological problems remain to be addressed. In order to progress in understanding this potentially important psychosocial factor in abusive and nonabusive drinking, alcohol expectancy research, which has been atheoretical in nature, should attend to potential contributions from other areas of research in psychology.read more
Citations
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Testing Moderator and Mediator Effects in Counseling Psychology Research.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe differences between moderator and mediator effects, and provide non-technical descriptions of how to examine each type of effect, including study design, analysis, and interpretation of results.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drinking to regulate positive and negative emotions : a motivational model of alcohol use
TL;DR: A motivational model of alcohol use is proposed and tested in which people are hypothesized to use alcohol to regulate both positive and negative emotions and indicates the importance of distinguishing psychological motives for alcohol use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alcohol myopia. Its prized and dangerous effects.
Claude M. Steele,Robert Josephs +1 more
TL;DR: How alcohol makes social responses more extreme, enhances important self-evaluations, and relieves anxiety and depression, effects that underlie both the social destructiveness of alcohol and the reinforcing effects that make it an addictive substance are explained.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characteristics of children of alcoholics: putative risk factors, substance use and abuse, and psychopathology.
TL;DR: There were few Gender X Family History interactions; the effects of family history of alcoholism were similar for men and women and when gender effects were found, they showed greater family history effects for women.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stress and Alcohol Use: Moderating Effects of Gender, Coping, and Alcohol Expectancies
TL;DR: The findings suggest that tension reduction theories of alcohol use are overly broad and that individual characteristics must be considered to account for stress-related effects on alcohol use and abuse.
References
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Book
Using multivariate statistics
TL;DR: In this Section: 1. Multivariate Statistics: Why? and 2. A Guide to Statistical Techniques: Using the Book Research Questions and Associated Techniques.
Book
Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research
Martin Fishbein,Icek Ajzen +1 more
Book
Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Amos Tversky,Daniel Kahneman +1 more
TL;DR: The authors described three heuristics that are employed in making judgements under uncertainty: representativeness, availability of instances or scenarios, and adjustment from an anchor, which is usually employed in numerical prediction when a relevant value is available.
Journal ArticleDOI
Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research.
Icek Ajzen,Martin Fishbein +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of available empirical research supports the contention that strong attitude-behavior relations can be obtained only under high correspondence between at least the target and action elements of the attitudinal and behavioral entities.
Book
Factor Analysis: Statistical Methods and Practical Issues
Jae-on Kim,Charles W. Mueller +1 more
TL;DR: Describes various commonly used methods of initial factoring and factor rotation and various methods of constructing factor scales are presented.