Independent component analysis for a low-channel SSVEP-BCI

TLDR: Whether it is possible to maintain the high accuracy of a BCI based on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP-BCI) in a low-channel setup using a preprocessing procedure successfully used in a multichannel setting: independent component analysis (ICA).

Abstract: Generally, the more channels are used to acquire EEG signals, the better the performance of the brain–computer interface (BCI). However, from the user’s point of view, a BCI system comprising a large number of channels is not desirable because of the lower comfort and extended application time. Therefore, the current trend in BCI design is to use the smallest number of channels possible. The problem is, however, that usually when we decrease the number of channels, the interface accuracy also drops significantly. In the paper, we examined whether it is possible to maintain the high accuracy of a BCI based on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP-BCI) in a low-channel setup using a preprocessing procedure successfully used in a multichannel setting: independent component analysis (ICA). The influence of ICA on the BCI performance was measured in an off-line (24 subjects) mode and online (eight subjects) mode. In the off-line mode, we compared the number of correctly recognized different stimulation frequencies, and in the online mode, we compared the classification accuracy. In both experiments, we noted the predominance of signals that underwent ICA preprocessing. In the off-line mode, we detected 50% more stimulation frequencies after ICA preprocessing than before (in the case of four EEG channels), and in the online mode, we noted a classification accuracy increase of 8%. The most important results, however, were the results obtained for a very low luminance (350 lx), where we noted 71% gain in the off-line mode and 11% gain in the online mode.