Journal ArticleDOI
Inorganic pellets containing microsclerotia of Metarhizium anisopliae: a new technological platform for the biological control of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus
Thainá Rodrigues Santos,Flávia R. S. Paixão,Alaine Maria Lopes Catão,Elen Regozino Muniz,Cárita S. Ribeiro-Silva,Stephania F. Taveira,Christian Luz,Gabriel Moura Mascarin,Éverton K. K. Fernandes,Ricardo Neves Marreto +9 more
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TLDR
This formulation prototype of microsclerotial pellets of M. anisopliae IP 119 effectively suppressed R. microplus and showed outstanding UV-B tolerance in laboratory tests and may offer a novel mycoacaricide for its sustainable management.Abstract:
This study was sought to devise pellets containing inorganic materials and microsclerotia of Metarhizium anisopliae strain IP 119 for biological control of Rhipicephalus microplus, the most economically important tick in Brazilian cattle industry. In addition, we evaluated the storage stability of the pellets, their tolerance to ultraviolet radiation (UV-B), and efficacy against ticks under laboratory conditions. Fungal microsclerotia were produced by liquid culture fermentation and mixed with pre-selected inorganic matrices: vermiculite powder, diatomaceous earth, and colloidal silicon dioxide (78:20:2, w/w/w). The microsclerotial pellets were then prepared by a two-stage process involving extrusion and spheronization. Pellet size averaged 525.53 ± 7.74 μm, with a sphericity index of 0.72 ± 0.01, while biomass constituents did not affect the wet mass properties. Conidial production from microsclerotial pellets upon rehydration ranged from 1.85 × 109 to 1.97 × 109 conidia g−1 with conidial viability ≥ 93%. Conidial production from pellets stored at 4 °C was invariable for up to 21 days. Unformulated microsclerotia and microsclerotial pellets were extremely tolerant to UV-B compared with aerial conidia. Engorged tick females exposed to conidia from sporulated pellets applied to soil samples and upon optimal rehydration exhibited shorter oviposition time length, shorter life span, and reduced number of hatched larvae. In summary, microsclerotial pellets of M. anisopliae IP 119 effectively suppressed R. microplus and showed outstanding UV-B tolerance in laboratory tests. Prospectively, this formulation prototype is promising for targeting the non-parasitic stage of this tick on outdoor pasture fields and may offer a novel mycoacaricide for its sustainable management. • Pellets with microsclerotia and inorganic materials are innovative for tick control. • Metarhizium microsclerotia show superior UV-B tolerance in relation to conidia. • Pellets of Metarhizium microsclerotia produce infective conidia against ticks.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
A Review of Commercial Metarhizium- and Beauveria-Based Biopesticides for the Biological Control of Ticks in the USA
TL;DR: A comprehensive list of the use of commercialized Metarhizium and Beauveria-based biopesticides in the USA that have been tested against ixodid ticks under laboratory and field conditions and when used as a part of integrated tick management is compiled.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy of focal applications of a mycoinsecticide to control Aedes aegypti in Central Brazil.
Juan Mercado Martinez,Juscelino Rodrigues,Ricardo Neves Marreto,Gabriel Moura Mascarin,Éverton K. K. Fernandes,Richard A. Humber,Christian Luz +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a simple dissemination device was developed to attract and infect gravid A. aegypti adults with a granular formulation of the ascomycete Metarhizium humberi IP 46, and validated this device in the laboratory as well as in semi-field and field conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clonostachys rosea: Production by Submerged Culture and Bioactivity Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Bemisia tabaci
Gabriel Moura Mascarin,Ana Vitória Reina da Silva,Thiago Pereira da Silva,Nilce Naomi Kobori,Marcelo Augusto Boechat Morandi,Wagner Bettiol +5 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the impact of liquid pre-culture inoculum on the spore production by the two-stage fermentation process using rice grains in comparison to the traditional solid-state fermentation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Production of Microsclerotia by Metarhizium sp., and Factors Affecting Their Survival, Germination, and Conidial Yield
TL;DR: In this article , the MS production potential of two Metarhizium brunneum strains and one M. robertsii strain was evaluated, and three strains were able to produce MS in liquid fermentation, yielding between 4.0 × 106 (M. brunneum EAMa 01/58-Su strain) infective propagules (CFU) per gram of MS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Production of Purpureocillium lilacinum and Pochonia chlamydosporia by Submerged Liquid Fermentation and Bioactivity against Tetranychus urticae and Heterodera glycines through Seed Inoculation
Daniela Milanez Silva,Victor Hugo Moura de Souza,Rafael de Andrade Moral,Italo Delalibera Júnior,Gabriel Moura Mascarin +4 more
TL;DR: Findings demonstrate the possibility of producing submerged propagules of P. chlamydosporia and P. lilacinum by liquid culture, and greenhouse trials support the applicability of fungal microsclerotia in seed treatment to control P. vulgaris pests.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Reassessment of the potential economic impact of cattle parasites in Brazil
Laerte Grisi,Romário Cerqueira Leite,João Ricardo Martins,Antonio Thadeu Medeiros de Barros,Renato Andreotti,Paulo Henrique Duarte Cançado,Adalberto A. Pérez de León,Jairo Barros Pereira,Humberto Silva Villela +8 more
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Action spectrum for DMA damage in alfalfa lowers predicted impact of ozone depletion
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ecological considerations in producing and formulating fungal entomopathogens for use in insect biocontrol
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Journal ArticleDOI
Production of pellets via extrusion-spheronisation without the incorporation of microcrystalline cellulose: a critical review.
TL;DR: To determine the true potential of the proposed alternatives for MCC, this review critically discusses the properties of the different materials and the quality of the resulting pellets in relation to the properties required for an ideal extrusion-spheronisation aid.
Journal ArticleDOI
Variability in response to UV-B among species and strains of Metarhizium isolated from sites at latitudes from 61° N to 54° S
TL;DR: Tolerance to UV-B varied widely among strains and high variation was observed for both irradiances after all periods of exposure, and a significant quadratic relationship of decreasingUV-B tolerance with increasing latitude was observed after exposure of 1 and 2 h.
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