Q2. What are the future works mentioned in the paper "Labor market effects of sports and exercise: evidence from canadian panel data" ?
Interesting further research may address this heterogeneity issue: A possible, but of course speculative, explanation of this heterogeneity may be that activity is measured subjec- 30 tively.
Q3. What is the NPHS's summary measure of total daily energy expenditure?
Using information on all leisure time physical activities (LTPAs), the NPHS has a summary measure reporting total dailyenergy expenditure (TEE) from all leisure time physical activities.
Q4. What other factors play a role in the relationship between sports and exercise?
In addition, it seems that life style attributes associated with diet and smoking, as well as social and cultural factors play a role.
Q5. How many respondents have participated in sports and exercise in 1994?
In order to create their study sample, the authors use the 14,117 respondents who have infor-mation on their participations in sports and exercise in 1994.
Q6. What is the advantage of semi-parametric estimators?
such estimators have the advantage of allowing for very flexible effect heterogeneity (contrary to regression models, for example).
Q7. How many probit estimates are required to implement the propensity score matching estimators?
in order to implement the propensity score matching estimators for this purpose in the six strata, twelve probit estimations are required; six for analyzing the active –19moderate contrast, and another six for analyzing the inactive – moderate contrast.
Q8. What type of regression should be used to determine the causality of the variables?
an empirical approach using these variables as control variables, like regression or matching type estimators do, should lead to causal conclusions even when only a cross-section is used.
Q9. What is the effect of increasing the activity level from inactive to moderate?
For 1996, Figure 5.1 shows that the effect of increasing the activity level from inactiveto moderate is about 1.5 kcal/kg, plus and an additional 2.5 kcal/kg when further increasing the activity level to active.
Q10. What is the proportion of physically active adults in Can-ada?
Figure 3.1 indicates that the proportion of physically inactive adult individuals in Can-ada has shown a decrease in 1990s, but after 2002 it plateaued at around 50%.
Q11. What are the main factors that affect the relationship between physical activity and employment?
Several studies also indicate that belonging to an ethnic minority or being an immigrant is negatively associated with participation in physical activities (e.g. Lechner, 2009a).