Linguistics and Natural Logic
TLDR
Evidence is presented to show that the role of a generative grammar of a natural language is not merely to generate the grammatical sentences of that language, but also to relate them to their logical forms.Abstract:
Evidence is presented to show that the role of a generative grammar of a natural language is not merely to generate the grammatical sentences of that language, but also to relate them to their logical forms. The notion of logical form is to be made sense of in terms a ‘natural logic’, a logical for natural language, whose goals are to express all concepts capable of being expressed in natural language, to characterize all the valid inferences that can be made in natural language, and to mesh with adequate linguistic descriptions of all natural languages. The latter requirement imposes empirical linguistic constraints on natural logic. A number of examples are discussed.read more
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The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning—II☆
TL;DR: Much of what constitutes the core of scientific knowledge may be regarded as a reservoir of concepts and techniques which can be drawn upon to construct mathematical models of various types of systems and thereby yield quantitative information concerning their behavior.
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The logic of conventional implicatures
TL;DR: In this paper, a preliminary case for Conventional Implicatures and a logic for conventional implicatures are presented, together with a syntactic analysis of Grice's definition.
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A Fuzzy-Set-Theoretic Interpretation of Linguistic Hedges
TL;DR: A basic idea suggested in this paper is that a linguistic hedge such as very, more or less, much, essentially, etc. may be viewed as an operator which acts on the fuzzy set representing the meaning of its operand.
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Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication
TL;DR: This popular introductory linguistics text is unique for its integration of themes and provides a sound introduction to linguistic methodology while encouraging students to consider why people are intrinsically interested in language―the ultimate puzzle of the human mind.
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Some principles of linguistic methodology
TL;DR: Observations of the vernacular provide the most systematic basis for linguistic theory, but have been the most difficult kinds of data for linguists to obtain; techniques for solving the problems encountered are outlined.
References
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Book
Word and Object
TL;DR: This edition offers a new preface by Quine's student and colleague Dagfinn Follesdal that describes the never-realized plans for a second edition of Word and Object, in which Quine would offer a more unified treatment of the public nature of meaning, modalities, and propositional attitudes.
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An Introduction to Modal Logic
Max J. Cresswell,G. E. Hughes +1 more
TL;DR: This long-awaited book replaces Hughes and Cresswell's two classic studies of modal logic with all the new developments that have taken place since 1968 in both modal propositional logic and modal predicate logic, without sacrificing clarity of exposition and approachability.