Liquid Phase Sintering of Grain-Oriented Ferroelectric Ceramics in the Bismuth Layer Structure Oxides

TLDR: In this article, the influence of a low melting second phase added to the grain-oriented ferroelectric ceramics with bismuth layer structure on their densification, forging behavior, grain orientation and electrical properties is investigated by using the hot-forging method combined with liquid phase sintering.

Abstract: The influence of a low melting second phase added to the grain-oriented ferroelectric ceramics with bismuth layer structure on their densification, forging behavior, grain orientation and electrical properties is investigated by using the hot-forging method combined with liquid phase sintering. PbBi2Nb2O9 and Bi4Ti3O12 as host materials; Pb5Ge3O11, PbO and Bi2O3 as liquid phase agents are selected. The presence of liquid phase produces a good effect on hot-forging in PbBi2Nb2O9+Pb5Ge3O11 system. The PbO content ranging from 1 to 3 wt% in PbBi2Nb2O9+PbO system is most effective, and k33 of 15.4% is obtained. On the other hand, liquid phases in Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics have little effect on their densification and forging behavior.