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Journal ArticleDOI

Low-Temperature Sintering of Lead-Based Piezoelectric Ceramics

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TLDR
In this paper, the sintering temperature of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics could be reduced from ∼ 1250° to ∼960°C by the addition of a small amount of the lower-melting frit, B2O3-Bi2O-3-CdO.
Abstract
The low-temperature sintering of lead-based piezoelectric ceramics has been studied. The sintering temperature of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics could be reduced from ∼ 1250° to ∼960°C by the addition of a small amount of the lower-melting frit, B2O3–Bi2O3—CdO. It exhibited the following dielectric and piezoelectric properties: Kp= 0.52 to 0.58, Qm= 1000, eT33/e0= 800 to 1000, tan δ= 50 × 10−4, ρ= 7.56 to 7.64 g/cm3. Ceramics with the aid of suitable dopants (CdO, SiO2, and excess PbO) in the Pb-(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3—PZT family could be sintered at 860° to 900°C. For these materials, Kp= 0.56 to 0.61, Qm= 1000, eT33/e0= 1500 to 2000, tan δ≤ 50 × 10−4, ρ= 7.80 to 8.03 g/cm3. The microstructure, sintering mechanism, and the effects of various impure additions have been analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Cold Sintering Process: A Novel Technique for Low‐Temperature Ceramic Processing of Ferroelectrics

TL;DR: In this article, the cold sintering process (CSP) was used to achieve dense ceramic solids at extraordinarily low temperatures of <300°C. But, although a number of new techniques have been developed, the process is still performed at high temperatures.
Book ChapterDOI

Sintering of Ceramics

TL;DR: The focus of sintering science is changing from the modification of microstructures in incremental ways for correspondingly incremental improvement in properties to more effectual manipulation of microstructure to optimize properties as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI

Piezoelectric properties, densification behavior and microstructural evolution of low temperature sintered PZT ceramics with sintering aids

TL;DR: In this paper, LiBiO 2 +CuO 3 was used as sintering aid for Pb(Zr 0.53 Ti 0.47 )O 3 to achieve densification at 880°C for 2 hours.
Journal ArticleDOI

Liquid-phase sintering of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 using PbO–WO3 additive

TL;DR: In this article, a PZT was sintered using PbO-WO3 additive of eutectic composition, which assists the densification process by liquid-phase formation.
Journal ArticleDOI

Relaxor‐normal ferroelectric transition in tetragonal‐rich field of Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3‐PbZrO3 system

TL;DR: In this paper, the possibility of a spontaneous relaxor-normal ferroelectric transition was examined using Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3 PbTiO3 (PNN•PT•PZ) pseudoternary system across the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Low‐Temperature Densification of Lead Zirconate‐Titanate with Vanadium Pentoxide Additive

TL;DR: In this paper, the V2O5 was incorporated as a batch addition during the coprecipitation process, as mill additions to the calcined precipitated powder, and to a commercial PZT powder.
Journal ArticleDOI

Flux-sintered BaTiO3 dielectrics

TL;DR: In this article, the roles of the flux components were identified and classified according to their solubility and mode of substitution in the titanate crystal lattice, together with close control of cation stoichiometry, resulted in the discovery of flux systems with other oxides substituting for CdO, Bi2O3 or B2O 3 that produced similar results.
Patent

Low temperature densification of PZT ceramics

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used V2 O5 to (PZT)lead zirconate-lead titanate powder to achieve densification to greater than 98% of theoretical density with firing times as short as 1-5 minutes.
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