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Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety.
David Watson,Ronald Friend +1 more
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This article is published in Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.The article was published on 1969-08-01. It has received 3216 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Social anxiety & Anxiety.read more
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A global measure of perceived stress.
TL;DR: The Perceived Stress Scale showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with life-event scores, depressive and physical symptomatology, utilization of health services, social anxiety, and smoking-reduction maintenance and was a better predictor of the outcome in question than were life- event scores.
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Self-discrepancy: a theory relating self and affect.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a theory of how different types of discrepancies between self-state representations are related to different kinds of emotional vulnerabilities, and they predict that differences in both the relative magnitude and the accessibility of individuals' available types of self-discrepancies are predicted to be related to differences in the kinds of discomfort people are likely to experience.
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Rethinking individualism and collectivism: evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses.
TL;DR: European Americans were found to be both more individualistic-valuing personal independence more-and less collectivistic-feeling duty to in-groups less-than others, and among Asians, only Chinese showed large effects, being both less individualistic and more collectivist.
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Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states
David Watson,Lee Anna Clark +1 more
TL;DR: A number of apparently diverse personality scales—variously called trait anxiety, neuroticism, ego strength, general maladjustment, repression-sensitization, and social desirability—are reviewed and are shown to be in fact measures of the same stable and pervasive trait.
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Conventional wisdom on measurement: A structural equation perspective.
TL;DR: In this paper, the applicability of five conventional guidelines for construct measurement is critically examined: (a) Construct indicators should be internally consistent for valid measures, (b) there are optimal magnitudes of correlations between items, (c) the validity of measures depends on the adequacy with which a specified domain is sampled, within-construct correlations must be greater than between construct correlations, and (e) linear composites of indicators can replace latent variables.
References
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Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it, and individuals may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
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A personality scale of manifest anxiety.
TL;DR: A description of the construction of the test and the normative data that have been accumulated in connection with it are presented as of possible interest to other researchers.
Book
The Approval Motive: Studies in Evaluative Dependence
Douglas P. Crowne,David Marlowe +1 more
TL;DR: This paper explored the social-desirability response set, a type of habitual response preference identifiable in personality testing, and found that it supported the theory that people describe themselves in favorable terms to obtain the approval of others.
Book
Progress in experimental personality research
TL;DR: In undergoing this life, many people always try to do and get the best. as discussed by the authors But many people sometimes feel confused to get those things, and feeling the limited of experience and sources to be better is one of the lacks to own.
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